Amsterdam is one of the most vibrant and exciting cities in Europe. It has visitors arriving all round the year from every nook and corner of the world. Apart from having a lot of interesting shops, the area also has parks and squares, flowing canals, historical museums, a good nightlife and a vibrant party culture to keep everyone entertained. So, are you planning to tour Amsterdam this year? Ensure to book a holiday apartment Amsterdam for your comfortable and affordable stay.
Most of the Amsterdam holiday apartments are located in proximity to the tourist attractions. These holiday rentals are better than hotels because they provide better or equivalent quality stays at a lucrative rate. Ideally a cheap apartment Amsterdam can be found within the City Center. So, if you want to feel at home in this capital city of Netherlands, choose to stay in any of the holiday apartments. However, ensure to make prior booking especially if you are planning to visit the Dutch capital during the summers. Visitors from all around the globe flock to this city especially during the summers making it difficult to find cheaper places for your accommodation.
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There are various accommodation options found in Amsterdam. Apart from the comfortable holiday apartments that are available for rent, guests can even stay at the hotels located near the city attractions. Many tourists also make their stay at Expat housing accommodations, which are mainly found in areas like Old South, Pijp and Jordaan. You can also acquire a hostel or a condo there for your stay. If you are looking for something different yet a wonderful place for lodging, hiring houseboat apartments would be the best idea. They are short stay lodging option and are on boats on Amstel River. Although it is true that this accommodation option is certainly not the lowest priced one available, but is certainly the one that is exciting and amazing.
Among all these accommodation options, holiday apartment Amsterdam is the most preferred choice for the tourists. These apartments have become very popular in the recent times. There are several benefits offered by the holiday apartments in the city. Now, let us read about some of the benefits of staying in the Amsterdam apartments.
Spacious—No one would love being cramped into a room or a smaller space on their vacation. This is the reason why tourists prefer staying in these Amsterdam holiday apartments. These places of accommodation are quite spacious and can fit minimum 4 people or even more. It offers a relaxing and pleasant ambiance, thereby allowing guests to enjoy every moment of their vacation without worrying about the space.
Outdoor space—A cheap apartment Amsterdam comes with the facility of an outdoor space. These places of stay have terrace, garden or balcony on the rooftop providing utmost relaxation to the guests.
Meals—Since there is a provision of kitchen in these apartments, one can prepare their own food other than buying or eating from outside. This way you can save a good amount of money as well as keep your health fit and fine.
If you are looking for a log on to http://www.amsterdamapartment.org/. All Amsterdam apartments that are listed on the site can be booked online via the online reservation system. You just need to enter the travel date, choose your cheap apartment Amsterdam, check out its rate and then make booking online.
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VIDEO OF THE BEST HOTEL IN AMSTERDAM
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Tourists Guideline – Where to Stay Holiday Homes or Hotels
While planning a trip, there may be lot much confusion in your mind as to which accommodation to choose for a comfortable and flexible stay. There are two choices available. Either you can stay in a hotel room or a holiday home also known as a serviced apartment. Hotels promise to give you all the essentials but are not up to the mark when you need a soothing and relaxing feeling of your own home in a rental accommodation. In today’s scenario holiday homes have become popular as they provide a safe, secure and ideal accommodation facility. The serviced apartments are much more superior to the ordinary hotel rooms as their facilities are excellent and interiors are extravagant. Unlike hotels, serviced apartments offer a great living experience with spacious bedrooms, modern living rooms, well designed bathrooms, balcony and the most important fully equipped kitchen with modern appliances. These extraordinary facilities provided by serviced apartments could make you feel that you are actually at home. The atmosphere, ambience and design of these holiday homes are so homely that you don’t miss your home even for a moment during your business trip or vacation!!!
Serviced Apartment V/S. Hotel
If you are planning a long term trip, you can get better rates for serviced apartment compared to hotels. Hotels prove to be expensive as you have to also pay heavy restaurant bills, laundry bills etc. Whereas in serviced apartments, you can cook the food for yourself and manage your laundry too.In hotels, you can usually find a well furnished room with attached toilet but ifyou choose to stay in a holiday home, you can find one which suits to your situation and requirement. A studio apartment can be perfect for you if you are planning a business trip, but if you are planning a vacation with your family, you need to rent a 2 bedroom serviced apartment or a 3 bedroom serviced apartment where you can accommodate your family comfortably.Whilestaying in large groups, the serviced apartments are better choice as they offer more space and comfort than ordinary hotels. Even in the case of organizing business meetings or social gatherings, serviced apartments can prove to be flexible than the congested hotel rooms. These serviced apartments also have fully equipped kitchen with microwave, coffee maker, refrigerator and crockery. So, if you are feeling hungry in the midnight, you can cook whatever you want for yourself. In serviced apartments, a person has full independence to do whatever he/she likes, like you can cook food of your choice, invite friends openly, organize parties etc. The restrictions that apply in hotel rooms cannot be found in serviced apartments. Just try staying in a serviced apartment while on business trip or vacation and then only the difference between the hotels and serviced apartments will be more evident for you and you will know why people prefer to stay in serviced apartment rather than staying in a hotel.
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Online Booking of Affordable Serviced Apartments
Online booking of serviced apartments is an easy and hassle-free way to confirm one’s stay in a luxurious accommodation anywhere in the world just within moments. If you are planning a business trip or a vacation, it is necessary to book serviced apartment in advance as it avoids all the troubles you may face during your trip. This arrangement can give you a traveling experience with peace of mind. You can book an accommodation of your choice provided by World Fashion Apartments offering online booking of serviced apartment in Amsterdam, serviced apartment in Utrecht, serviced apartment in Eindhoven, serviced apartment in Apeldoorn and serviced apartment in Rotterdam as well as in other regions of Europe like Brussels and Hungary through its web portal in easiest and hassle-free way. These serviced apartments in Netherlands are similar to hotels as far as online booking and rental price is concerned. Still, other benefits like self catering kitchen and its other important amenities like spacious living room, appealing bedrooms with modern bathrooms etc. differentiate serviced apartments from hotels and because of home like environment, affordable price and customized facilities, serviced apartments have advantages over hotels and can be a better accommodation.
World Fashion Apartment offers furnished serviced apartments in Amsterdam, holiday homes Amsterdam, holiday lettings Amsterdam, apartment for rent Amsterdam, Utrecht serviced apartments, cheap residential serviced apartments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam, low cost serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Luxurious serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary. SEO services provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO, Opal Infotech, India.
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Characteristic feature of modern world industry is not only free trade in goods and services, but also free movement of a capital. In different regions all over the world, a stock exchange listing, rates of interest and course of currency are interconnected. World financial markets and capital markets significantly influence on financial-economic conditions; Moreover, international investment capital plays an important role in financial development in separate countries as well as in the regions all over the world. Above mentioned condition helps through “the inflow” of investment capital in highly-profitable countries; Conclusion: World financial and investment markets are increasing.
It must be said that a maximum intersubstitution of production factors is necessary for the development of the world financial system, that on its side is conditioned by the world mobility of investment capital. Financial capital compared with physical investment, because of its mobility occupied a leading place in the world financial system, as it has more opportunities for avoiding the countries characterized by strict regulation of currency and taxation. Most of the countries try to attract and maintain a capital. The problem of creating attractive economic conditions for investment capital is becoming more and more active.
Discussion of international investment problems creates the necessity of reviewing formation history of the world debt system. The system of international indebtedness started forming at the beginning of 1970s. A failure of Breton-Woods’ system in 1971 and the first oil crisis in 1973 can be discussed as an initial base. Since, banking activity in many countries has been relied on a state regulation. Above mentioned, first of all was caused by the lessons of great depressions and crises in 30s of the last century. As banking safety always occupied the first place in economy, profit was not considered as the first-class problem and banking shares were not considered any more as the means of attractive instrument for increasing capital. Although, the catalysts of new progressive ideas had already been appeared in the world market of a capital. Namely: First International City Bank of New York and Bank of America. e.g. this last, had chance to attract 20 times more funds, in comparison with its own capital. It was an unusual fact for that time.
BASIC STAGES OF INTERNATIONAL EXTERNAL
INDEBTEDNESS PROBLEMS
The last 20 years of aggravation of international external indebtedness problems, can conditionally be divided into three articles. As if, each article corresponds the characteristic stage of the world endebtedness problem. Moving process from one stage to another, first of all is depended on a complicated interrelation between debtors and creditors, and also on characteristic concrete conditions of each participants of a given process.
ARTICLE I. 1980-1985. In this period, size and structure of indebtedness of developing countries was changed. Among them countries with average income become the debtors of the rightful participant of world financial system – large commercial banks. After, total sum of indebtedness was in surplus compared with the capital of credit organizations and nonfulfilment of engagements, predicted by credit contract, exposed international banking system to danger. The second part of indebtedness was over the official creditors.
On this stage or world debt system development, debting crisis was perceived as a result of short-term liquidity problem. In order to return solvency to developing countries and their economic development not to be delayed, continuation of debt payment terms was offered, as well as qualitative improvement of macroeconomic system. The most special danger for the world financial system were big countries with average income (Mexico, Brazil). In the field of indebtedness, because of uniqueness of a situation, creditors agreed to discuss a crisis of each country separately. For the world financial system in the development of tactics with similar strategic meanings, it was necessary to expand goods and service markets and also to make reasonable economic reforms through the countries. In a new strategy, a basic role was given to International Currency Fond (ICF) and World Bank.
ARTICLE 2. 1985-1989. In the middle of 80s, nonfulfilment of conditions, predicted by credit contract by capital debtor countries of world financial markets (at the same time, characterized with average incomes),was less dangerous for the world financial system from the viewpoint of improving overall balance of commercial banks. Same time, it was clear that a range of economic problems of debtors had much more structural nature than supposed as social and political factors in this or that country are one of the reasons for a brake on the development in the field of world debt. Besides, a capital flow-out from these countries took place, for the purpose of getting higher and stable norms of profit. Nonexistence of appropriate economical reforms in the countries, was making a flow-out problem more difficult and aggravating the difficulties, connected to taxation balance.
In this situation, it become unavoidable that, the conditions of debt restructuring, to be looked through by creditors for the purpose of continueing its liquidating period. But, the capitalization of percents and the new credit by commercial banks and international financial organizations, reduction of liabilities or a size of its services was not planned.
Simultaneously, new funds were given to debtor countries by commercial banks and international financial organizacions, for keeping investment level. (that significantly helped them to cover debts), i.e. we can come to the conclusion. Characteristic problem of discussed period is – heavy liability of developing countries, that is qualitatively and quantitatively different from the same problem compared with one of large and average profitable countries. Comparison of the size of liability with their economical potential was caused by heavy economic conditions of developing countries.
Distinctive peculiarity of these countries was clearly revealed – dependence on large scale goods and exportable ones (besides towards one or two kinds of goods). Therefore, significant reduction in trading in these goods makes a negative influence on the service of debts, not to say anything about renovation of economic growth. All the above mentioned sircumstances, stipulated the necessity of revising the conditions of covering debts.
At the annual meeting of World Bank and ICF in 1985, a finance minister J. Baker announced the world indebtedness system development for this period. Mentioned strategy can be characterized with the following: by an experiment in correction of occurred activities in the given period, considering financial realities in debtor countries and by this acknowledged fact, that problems of debtor countries exceeded a temporal crisis of liquidity several times, because of the difficulties and structure of their country problems. First it was possible, that regulation of the world indebtedness crisis didn’t demand for a great importance. But in spite of an absolute agreement in questions of indebtedness crisis between debtor and creditor countries, a basic strategy of the latter ones was kept the same: Maintenance of creditors’ assets value through proper payments of current service on external debt. Above pointed sircumstance caused an objective complication in the process of the world indebtedness crises.
A BASIC STRATEGY OF BAKER’S PLAN
A basic strategy of Baker’s plan meant the offering of determined and necessary stimuli to debtor countries, for the fulfillment of current duties of debt service. One of the distinctive note of Baker’s plan was a new role of international financial institutions.
First stage implied the definition of ICF, as one of the main institutions in many respect. Its function, during the period of 1-1,5 years was assistance to the countries for the purpose of stabilization of economic situation. In Baker’s plan world bank was considered as a basic institution in many respects. The plan also implied a review of debt payment conditions, in case of covering a large proportion of debt, after several years, and also continuation of debt payment term. A goal of plan – giving maximum period of time for rooting out reasons of financial conditions of debtor countries. As Baker’s plan did not forsee the balance of additional crediting influence of debtor counties by bank, it generally a ccomplished with insignificant results. credit organizations gave for more less new loans than supposed. This period was used by banks for increasing reserves, in order to reinburse the loss of sovereign countries caused by debt non-payment. It must be said that, in 80s connected with this fact, banks received significant profits. By this time unification process of companies was on the top level. Appeared new loans for buying accommodation and operations of changing debts into bonds. Thus in spite of Baker’s plan, banks were unable to annul the loss, partially caused by debtor countries. Their increase reserves gave opportunities to banking institutes to recognise that, it is less presumable to liquidate the whole debt by debtor countries. It was weakening their assets and can only be used as the potential means of attracting any additional income.
ARTICLE 3. SINCE 1989. The third article includes, since 1989 up to present period. In 1989, international financial organizations began checking their possibilities of their resources, for the purpose of giving help to debtor countries by means of changing debt documentation, on issued bonds, for debtor countries.
At the same time, the policy of international financial organizations principally meant significant reduction in total sum of loans or the slice of debt interest. According to a new plan, recommendations for attracting policy of different kinds of investments including direct and portfolio ones were given to debtor countries. Swaps of debt shares were discussed as the realization instruments of above mentioned strategy, although a number of Latin-American countries used other mechanisms for covering debt. e.g. redemption of debt obligations or covering them by providing with goods and services.
Since the autumn of 1997, the world financial crisis has burst in the region of South Asia. It had an partial influence on banking systems of separate countries as well as all over the world, that was the beginning of a new stage development of above mentioned system.
So, instability in development of the word financial markets, frequent changes can cause uncontrolledness and complicated nature of their activities, that of course will stipulate economical collapse in different countries one by one.
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF A CAPITAL
A process of international movement of a capital, represents the one of intercountry migration of investment for the purpose of their effective investment in foreign countries (for exporter countries), also attraction of necessary material and financial resources from foreign countries in international economics, in the conditions of their qualitative and structural insufficiency (for importer countries).
Countries of undereconomic development and transition from international markets of a capital, became the importers of significant streams in 1982-1989, only after finishing crisis of the world indebtedness. In the terms of different structure and scales of investment flows, flow of a capital in any case is conditioned by internal as well as external factors
Table 1.1
Structure of a capital in the world investment Market.
(USA in milliard dollar %)
Form of movement of a capital
export
import
1981
1990
1995
2005
1981
1990
1995
2005
Direct investments
50,8
10,4%
288,3
25,9%
393,0
23,4%
1190,7
31,5%
83,7
11,4%
200,8
8,0%
326,0
18,9%
1057,3
33,7%
Portfolio investments
72,8
15,0%
183,8
200%
408,0
28,8%
1305,2
34,6%
56,4
10,1%
202,1
23,6%
626,6
34,4%
1560,5
37,4%
Among them, in kind of bonds and other debt obligations
-
154,11
6,7%
292,9
20,7%
560,2
14,9%
-
254,3
22,8%
458,7
20,7%
740,4
17,8%
Assets
-
26,6
2,9%
120,7
8,5%
730,0
19,4%
-
3,8
0,3%
129,2
75%
741,2
17,9%
Other financial instruments and derivators
-
3,1
0,4%
5,6
0,4%
14,4
0,3%
-
11,8
1,1%
38,7
2,2%
78,5
1,9%
Other investments
365,7
79,6%
498,2
54,1%
676,1
47,7%
1280,0
33,9%
440,1
78,5%
649,6
58,4%
770,1
44,7%
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1291,0
31,1%
Among them loans
-
243,5
26,5%
330,2
23,3%
212,9
5,6%
-
224,8
20,2%
397,0
23,0%
426,2
10,3%
total
489,3
100%
920,3
100%
1417,9
100%
3779,9
100%
560,2
100%
1112,5
100%
1722,7
100%
4152,7
100%
Improved macroeconomic situation as well as carried out structural reforms in importer countries of investments belongs to the first, but to the second – cyclic changes of interest rate in industrially developed countries, also increased interest of banking institutes towards developing markets. Significantly increased a corresponding share of crediting organizations in investing.
Investors’ increased interest, namely banking institutes conditioned reinforcement process of financial integration and globalization towards the countries of undereconomic development and transition, that made a positive influence on economics of separate countries and global economics totally.
In 1981-2005, export of a capital increased 7,7 times all around the world. During this period, international export flows of investments increased from 4,6% up to 12% on the world scale. Table 1.1 strict competition on national and world markets of a capital and complication of its forms throughout the world markets, also investment of a capital, different forms of export and import; all these above mentioned caused the growth of investment size on such a large scale.
A capital can be invested in and attracted from the foreign countries in the following form:
Entrepreneur’s and borrowed capital
Capital from private, state or international organizations.
Money and commodity capital
Long-term and short-term investment
Legal and illegal capital
Selection of this or that form is determined by a concrete goal of analysis. In practice of international analysis, all the above mentioned forms are considered. In order to estimate globally, how a phenomenon of international movement of a capital, influence on importer and exporter countries’ national economic development. Analysis is commonly produced by division of a capital into entrepreneur’s and borrowed ones. Generally, direct and portfolio investments belong to entrepreneur’s capital, although a significant part of this last is in fact borrowed investments (obligations, derivates and so forth). Borrowed capital creates another subgroup – “other investment”
ACTIVE INTERNAL AND EXSTERNAL FACTORS FOR THE EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF A CAPITAL
On the financial markets of developing countries, essential motives of investors’ arrival, and correspondingly investors’ increasing quality of this last in the world financial markets- this is searching for economically effective way of investing a capital and diversification of financial markets, but opportunities of developing countries, placing investments on financial markets, have been intensified since the beginning of 1990. A range of internal and external factors came into motion.
Internal factors: About the research of international movement of a capital, in literature, it is said that importer countries of a capital, improved the risk characteristics of a backward movement of investments for foreign investments and two methods were used for this. First, a high-priority credit rating of a country, that is reached by restructurization of an external debt in a number of countries. e.g. In Romania – in the middle of 80s, in Bulgaria and Poland in 1990. Moreover, in the countries, overloaded with debt obligations such as: Argentina, Mexico,Venezuela, as well as Nigeria and Philippines, internal economic situation was improved by means of their official participation in international movement of a capital.
Second: Creating optimal conditions for location of new production, as a result of structural reforms, strengthening confidence towards national macroeconomic politics, just after this, successfully developed stabilization programmes in Eastern European, South-Eastern Asian country associations and in Latin America.
Because, in European countries, execution of stabilization programmes and structural reforms have been started since 1990-1991, considerable development of their economic conditions has started since 1991-1993. e.g. since the middle of 80s Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand has been realizing economic programmes, which caused the reduction of budget deficit, devaluation of national currency and reduction of internal crediting rate. At the beginning of 1990, the Philippines followed this example.
Thus, an openness of national economic towards external trading and reformation of financial system represented stabilization activities in these countries for internal investment market.
At the end of 1980, in Latin America, Bolivia, Chile and Mexico worked out economic programme against inflation. Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru began to realize such reforms only at the beginning of 1900. In association-countries of south-eastern Asia, similar economic policy was filled with the programmes, oriented on the liberalization of external trading in goods and services, as well as on the long-term borrowed markets of a capital.
External factors: Some authors call a drastic role of attracting private flows of a capital in question in national economic politics. It must be said, that a basic factor, that influences on directions of investment flows from the world markets of capital in economic of transitive and economic countries is the economic cycles in developed countries. Since 90s, investors’ interest has sharply been increased towards the markets of developing countries in two ways: It is connected to the reduction of world interest rate. At first, reduction of interest rate in the world markets of a capital coincided with economical collapse in the USA, Japan and in many European countries. It conditioned the fact that, it was possible to get extra profit from the markets of developing countries. On the other hand, just this factor was the reason for increasing creditability. Declined the risk, connected to the origin of default in debtor countries. It is essential to clear out, why most of the flows of investments come from the world markets of a capital. It is possible that mentioned investment flows, by the influence of external factors change their directons on the contrary – that will increase in macroeconomic instability of the market in developing countries.
Thus, a cyclical phenomenon, is a basic external factor, but after increasing the world interest rate in 1994 and after financial crisis in Mexico, such economic phenomenon as the stable private investment flows are, take place, that makes us suppose that structural changes will make their influence on external factors on the world markets of a capital. Two alternations in financial structures of donor countries, increased demands on a private capital and conditioned the formation of a new international investment possibility.
WHAT CAUSED THE DEMANDS ON A PRIVATE CAPITAL?
First and foremost, stiffer competition and increasing expenditures, so characteristic for national economics of industrially developed countries, make companies set their enterprises abroad in order to increase. The profit and a rate of economical growth. The outcome of influence of this factor is not only activation of export of a capital in the form of direct investments, but alternation of nature and meaning in direct foreign investments themselves, compared with the years of 1970s.
A major distinctive note of this period was that, the direct foreign investments were mainly directed in the raw materials and extractive industries, also in the fields in return of import. Although, globalization of financial markets, in the size of direct foreign investments gave rize to the growth of the part of this capital, that flowed-out from one country to another by the motive of searching approaches for effective use.
Second, alternation in financial structure of industrial countries, conditioned in the movement of investment capital from the world financial markets towards the ones of developing countries, as an outcome, institutional investors importance increased. Comparatively high rate of interest on the long-term investments and vast possibilities of risk diversification, became the reason for attraction of institutional institutes, that conditions an intensive investment of a capital in the economics of developing and transitive countries. It must be defined more exactly that, according to the long-term investment, the growth of rate is the result of increasing credit standing level of those countries, which realized the programmes of financial sector and economic stabilization totally at the end of 80s and beginning of 90s.
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF RISK DIVERSIFICATION?
Wider possibilities of a risk diversification created as a result of improvement of the markets of issues in developing countries, which offered to investors a range of new instruments and accordingly the risk of liquidity increased more. Moreover, in recipient countries of a capital, globalization of financial markets, that is a result of an increasing competition, regulation of innovations on financial markets and technological changes, increased these possibilities more, that on its side increased the importance of institutional investors. Among them, the most significant are banking institutes, their goal is maximization of in comes and less obedience to the rules. In their development, such a tendency implies that, part of international investments, directed to the markets of developing countries increased. Banks were established, a capital in a number of developing countries; investing in defined regions specializing in separate countries, although it must be taken into account that investments in developed countries represent only 2% from the total liabilities of all the banking institutes in the USA. In Great Britain it goes up about 3-4% but it is not fixed at all in Japan and the rest of Europe. These figures underline the fact of insignificant potentialities in expansion of investment of banking institutes in the markets of developing countries.
Let’s discuss such intervening analysis. External factors played an important role in selection of investment priorities on the world market of a capital in 1990s, as a result of influence by cyclic and structural factors, during the medium – term period, the importance of structural factor, conditions distinct optimism about investing capital in the economics of developing and transitive countries. At the same time, there is a danger of large. scale flow out of a capital from the country, because of the growth in incoming private capital-flows.
Reinforcement of globalization process – is a basic tendency for the development of the world’s economy. Growth of international real estate services and changing of a capital, excels the growth of the world industry. According to the data of International Trade Organization (ITO) in 1990-2000, the world export of goods and services were rising annually 2,6-2,8 times
faster, than the world industry. In this period, export of a capital increased much more quickly. Its average annual rate of growth in service and goods exceeded international trade rate more than two times.
ACTIVE TENDENCIES OF INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF A CAPITAL.
Specialists of International Bank, single out a range of common tendencies, that influence on international movement of a capital. Among, the following should be taken into account:
A) Basic macroeconomic indices of national economics, influence on the rates in long-term investments. Countries with better macroeconomic data; (i.e. High coefficient of investment in Whole Inner Product low level of inflation, real rate stability of national currency) attracted more account of foreign investments in the viewpoint of percentage approach to WIP. While, countries with negative macroeconomic indices, cannot practically manage to attract foreign investors.
B) Direct foreign investments are the main constituent components of market investments in developing countries and this condition is partially connected with macroeconomic indices, but is not characterized by only the growth of interest rate on a global-scale.
C) Portfolio investments are more sensitive towards the level of interest rate. Although, the size of these investments in 1992-1993 increased, in spite of the growth of interest rate on a global-scale
Having analysed the dynamics and structure of international movement of a capital, it must be said that, major investment exporters and importers in 1981-2000 are still developed countries: In 1981.on their part, total outflow of a capital was 79%. But in 2000-81%. A main donor of foreign capital and recipient of investment capital is still the USA throughout the world. After follows Great Britain and Germany, Canada, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Swaziland. Among developing countries, according to this data the Persian Gulf countries are distinguished. (Turkey, India, Argentina, Thailand).
Among the importers of a foreign capital. Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, India and Turkey take first place. Relatively big recipients of foreign investments, belong to the European countries of transitional economics: Poland, Czech republic, Hungary.
WHAT CHANGES HAPPEN IN THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL MOVEMENT OF A CAPITAL?
During the last two decades in the structure of international movement of a capital, vital changes took place, namely: In 1981-2000 relations between entrepreneur’s and borrowed capital, changed in favour of the last mentioned one. In the middle 80-90s, on the part of borrowed capital (without portfolio investments) were represented.
All the incoming and outgoing investments of the world market of a capital. By 2000, this share has been reduced. Although, as the part of portfolio investments belongs to a borrowed capital, share of the last one compiled more than a half of all inflow and outflow capitals.
OBJECTIVE REASONS FOR GROWING PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS
In the movement of entrepreneur’s capital, portfolio investments take a leading position. Objective reasons for this sircumstance are the following:
- Improvement of investment conditions all around the world.
- Liberalization of politics, towards the international movement of a capital.
- Strong integration of economics of developing and transitional country markets, in the world market of a capital.
Bank of developed countries – reinforcement of investors’ investment possibilities imply the fixation of long term period for quick economical growth of fixed unique phenomenon in these countries. Though, in 1997-1998s, the world financial crisis underlined once more the
7.
size of portfolio investment and subordination of geographical location on existing economic
and political situation in recipient countries; drastic factor – short-term nature of debt obligations, which represent essential part of portfolio investments, and have ability to move firmly together with banking deposits through the countries for the purpose of keeping profit on one side and get super profit of the other hand.
Main participants of portfolio investment of international markets are the countries with highly developed economics. First is the USA, Germany, Japan, Belgium.
In 2000, 95% of total portfolio investments, comes to them as porters, but in 1990 it was 90%. Outgoing portfolio investments of transitional and economic countries compiled only 5% and incoming ones – 10%.
It must also be taken into consideration that direct investments – is main motivational power in the globalization process of the world economics. They deeply influence on the development of national economics, in exporter as well as in importer countries of investments. According to the Data of ICF, outflow of direct investments on a world scale, in 1981-2000 increased 23 times, but inflow – 20 times.
In 2001, distinct changes in foreign investments took place. (which were stable during the years). They decreased in absolute size-by 40%. Such alternation, from the point western experts view, can be explained not only by aggraviation in crisis situations, in developed countries (first in the USA) but also, by the fact that, the second half of 90s, was characterized as unjustifiable high activity in the field of direct foreign investments. At present, this situation is normalizing, and the process is returning back to the indicators, that took place in the first half of ongoing decade; but it must be mentioned, that typical priority of investment capital, compared with others is that it doesn’t increase the burden of recipient country in economic debts, it is invested for a long-term period and at last, as a rule is invested in a real sector of economics, that consequently expanses and rises production profitability.
According to the data of World Bank, direct investments have far more macroeconomic importance in Western Europe. (first of all, in small countries) in developing countries of Latin-America and also in the central and eastern countries of Europe.
For geographical distribution of direct foreign investments is characterized by the same regularities, as for the other types of migration of a capital. Developed countries are exporters as well as importers of these investments. By 80-90s, their share, in the total size of foreign investments outflow compiled 93,4%, but 76,8% in inflow. In 1995 these figures were correspondingly 86,2% and 61,5%. In 2000-91,0% and 79%. In 2001, after distinct reduction of international investment activity, the share of developing countries reduced up to 66% in the world capital inflow of direct investments.
Generally, it must be remarked, that location and attraction of direct state investments is concentrated within the bounds of developed countries. First of all, these are: the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Netherlands. Such peculiarity of a capital as “inter-send of a capital” between highly developed countries must also be mentioned.
Essential part of investments, attracted from developing countries, comes on Latin-American and Caribbean Sea countries (2000-7%), also southern, eastern and south-eastern countries of Asia-11%. In XXI century, characteristic feature of direct foreign investments in importer and developing countries is their less dependence on falling in production in 2001. Here investment activity declined by 6% against 56% of developed countries.
In the world investment market, participation quality of transitional economics in central and Eastern-European countries is quite small, it is especially about the export of direct investments. In 1981-2000, their share didn’t exceed 0.002% in outflow of the world capital untill 1990,but in 1997 it reached maximum (0.7%). In 1998-2000 this indicator stayed on the level of 0.2-0.3%, their share in the world capital inflow is quite far more.
8.
It picked up (4-4.2%) in 1995-1997. In 2000-2%. Significant importers of direct foreign investments are: Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The main power for stabilization and expansion of the world investments market are transnational banks and their foreign branches. Liberalization of international investment market working out unique norms for investment cooperation are basic tendencies of those politics, carried out by national authorities and international organizations for the development of the world investment market.
FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTES OF GLOBAL STATUS
Formation of international institutes of global status is undivided part of economic relations, connected to international investments. The goals of their activities are: post coordination of participant countries in investment field, introduction of unified methods of working in the world investment markets, control on keeping international judicial norms realizations of joint projects and programmes, creation of new international organizations, reunion and judicial structures, activation of functional, international and regional institutes and also intensification of their roles for regulating international investment market. All the above mentioned are essencial characteristic features in the last decades of XX century. Various forms of investment cooperation are developed in the frames of international integrated unions. (European Union, Naphta, Asean and others). e.g. in the field of international investment, European Union creates institutional principles for the united economic policy: it also established supernational institutes of economic regulation.
Main changes in the world investment market are conditioned by financial globalization and at a growing rate of scientific-technical development. In 70s of XX century, direct investment are implied as the dominant form of international investment, but in XXI, portfolio investments developed beforehand. It must be said that, reinforcement the importance of financial instruments, helps to attract investments from the investment market to develop new technologies, to raise a banking capital and run the risks qualitatively. International movement of financial instruments is acquiring more and more independent character. So called contract forms of investments are forming, such as: Contracts of services and management, contract of purposeful debt loans contracts of investments of a capital, franchise and leasing contracts and contracts about product distribution. A principal difference among above mentioned operations, is that, conferring the right on property to nonresidents is not in their competence-this is a characteristic feature, towards traditionally discussed direct and portfolio investments. But, contracting form of investments gives right to get profit.
CHANGES IN THE SOURCES OF INVESTMENT FORMS
Essential changes are happening in the structure of direct investment formation sources in the world market, connected to movements in the field of different kind of priorities and effectiveness, also connected to the reinforcement of interconnections between the markets of securities and credits. Corporative investments together with financial instruments and traditional mechanisms of giving banking credits for financing investment demands are used. Simultaneously, share of credits in international financial organizations is steadily reduced because of strengthening crediting rules. In the conditions of rising financial globalization and transformation of international market structure of corporative bonds take place in the section of basic fund assets. Shares of companies are implied as the main financial instrument. Its share three times exceeds the one of the bonds. International market of state bonds is losing its importance step by step. The cause of this fact is that developed countries has a policy according to which the deficit of state budget is gradually falling into a decline, correspondingly at the
expense of reducing new debts. According to the second reason, the principle of giving priority to investors’ changing at the expense of profit reduction in state securities, besides transacting operations increase in the market of shares.
CHARACTERISTIC TENDENCIES OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT
A growing rate of the scale in reunion and connection of credit organizations belongs to the characteristic tendencies of international investment, that makes the liberalization of capitals possible, in the conditions of financial globalization .Reunion and connection of credit organizations (Thus disappearance of state banks by foreign investments) should be discussed as one of the important kind of investment operations. In the last decade of XX century, just reunion and connection of financial organizations, but not investments, became the ground for growing investment banking capital to establish new banks, comparatively “ young”, financial market being in the formation process, as a result of reunion and connection of already formed banking institutes, essentially it includes developed countries, post – socialist countries of eastern and central Europe and considerably in a little form – developing countries.
On its part, this process can be discussed as a diversified formation process of financial banking groups, for which the following functions are characterized: (corporative crediting, investment activities; retail banking services, insurance). All the above mentioned will fill the world investment market in the future.
Institutional changes, caused by integration of financial institutes, is the main factor that can create investment space and works by unified rules. Integrated model is formed, that provides growth in the demands of investment resources at the expense of activities of diversified financial institutes, which combines the functions of investment and commercial banks, without ones, expansion of new financial instruments.
A main tendency, for the world investment market development includes strengthening the role of developed countries and weakening the one of developing and transitive countries of economics. Especially for the markets of direct foreign investments. e.g. In the field of investment import, industrially developed countries compile about 73%, about 24% – developing countries and below 3% – central and Eastern-European countries (including Russia). In the field of investment export 90% comes on developing countries, about 8% – on developed countries, but less than 1% – central and Eastern – European countries (including Russia).
In last decade, in the world market of a capital, growth in size of direct investments is reached by investors of the world largest three countries – at the expense of the USA, European Union and Japan. By these countries are concentrated 92% of invested investments and 80% – of attracted ones.
For the development of international investment market, one of the main peculiarities of modern stage is essential growth of European Union, as the centre of the world investment importance. Countries of European Union became the largest donors in the world investment market. 80% of total net-export of foreign investments includes five European countries, which are: Great Britain, Germany, France, Netherlands and Sweden. At the same time, position of European countries intensified in the field of investment attraction from the world markets of a capital, and also in the group position. Thus, growing rates of international investments at the end of XX and beginning of XXI centuries are higher, compared with the rates of industrial production, the world INP and the world trading in goods and services. It conveys the impression, that movement of foreign investments, mostly makes a positive influence on the world economic conditions, but in 2001 “euphoria” of foreign investments finished. In 2001 their inflow compiled 735 milliard $ in the world economics, but outflow – 621 milliard $ . In current prices, these indices went down, correspondingly by 51% and 55 %. Such significant declining (almost half) was the first event during the last 90 year-period. The reason of such substantial reduction in direct foreign investments (according to the number of transactions, as well as to their size) is significant reduction in reunion and connection of international financial organizations, that compiles from 70% up to 85% of the world investments. It must be said that, in many foreign specialists opinion, the world economy by 2000 has reached the highest level of development in standard average conditions of investments. Size of investments by this period 5 times exceeded the level, reached five years ago. The specialists of economical development and cooperation organizations consider that, in 1999-2000, so called “ exaggerated investment” took place. Second reason of significant reduction in investment scales on the world market of a capital is the collapse on the world markets of a capital, that touched three main centres – The USA, European Union and Japan of the world financial capital. Simultaneously “hesitant” situation on the stock markets in developed countries on its part influence on size reduction of financial resources, invested by banks abroad. These factors had short-term cyclical character, although they became the reason of reducing investment activities in the banks of developed countries.
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Boob jobs are one of the most popular cosmetic medical procedures a woman can have. Both men and woman find enhanced breast (natural or artificial) extremely attractive. However, getting boob job or a breast augmentation doesn’t come cheap. High cost of the local operation makes boob job prices abroad seems pretty attractive. But just how much do boob jobs cost abroad?
Getting a boob job means to enhance or increase the size of a woman’s breast through a medical procedure. A soft implant is placed underneath the breast. The implant itself can be made of a silicone gel material or one made of saline or saltwater. The operation lasts from 2 up to 5 hours and can be done either confined in a hospital or as an outpatient. US statistics place the boob job cost from ,000 to ,000 with the price including the cosmetic surgery costs and the breast implant prices. Boob job prices abroad, however, are another matter.
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A wide range of breast implants is available with different prices. Other countries provide breast implants other than the US, countries like The Netherlands, France, Ireland and China.
China supplies the cheapest breast implants. Patients with inadequate funds invariably choose these types of implants. The middle to expensive breast implant prices comes from Ireland, the Netherlands and France. The implants developed using the latest technology comes from Ireland and the Netherlands.
However, the bulk of the boob job prices abroad or locally depend on the surgeon performing the procedure. In the US, the finest surgeons fetch the best prices. Even so, the level of expertise is not limited or dictated by the location. Countries like Brazil, Thailand and India offer much lower boob job costs, ranging from ,000 to ,500. Airline tickets and accommodations are not included in the cost, however. Nevertheless, boob job prices abroad in countries like Argentina, the cost of ,500 includes the implants, up to ten days stay at a five-star hotel as well as other services in an ‘all-inclusive’ promotional boob job cost.
Boob job prices abroad bring the dream of enhanced breasts quite within the reach of women seeking beauty but not quite at any cost.
You can learn more about boob job prices, where you are and abroad at the following site http://boobjobprices.com
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What if there was a way to donate money to causes you believe in by – sleeping?
What if a portion of your expensive hotel bills could be donated to charities like UNICEF, World Wildlife Foundation, or the Red Cross?
What if you could stay in your favourite hotel and be pampered – and at the same time do something good for other people?
With Charity Hotels, all this is possible. Hotels and motels build a surprisingly large cushion into the price of their rooms, allowing them to cut prices for sales without really cutting out profits. That’s why Priceline bids can get rooms so cheaply, and why websites like Expedia can offer such great rates on hotel rooms at upscale hotels in great locations.
A group of internationally recognized charities operating out of the Netherlands recognized this in 2004. They include:
· The Dutch Red Cross
· The Dutch Aids Fund
· Stop Aids Now
· The Dutch Hart Foundation
· The Dutch Cancer Foundation
· The Dutch World Wildlife Fund
· Dutch Amnesty International
· The Dutch Memisa Cordaid
· Dutch Unicef
· Novib in the Netherlands (known more widely as Oxfam)
These ten charities approached hotels about creating a website where vacationers could register for accommodations anywhere in the world. The website would offer accommodations at reduced prices, and also offer a 5% or better donation to a charity of the registrant’s choice.
The market in online reservations is crowded right now, with many different companies offering basically the same deal. With Charity Hotels, you can take advantage of specially priced bargains comparable to those at Expedia or Travelocity, and know that not only are you getting a great price, you’re also helping charities help others.
What Do I Do?
Suppose you’re going on holiday to the South of France. Nice vacation, relaxing for you and the family. You want to get the best prices possible, of course, but like many people, you feel a little guilty about spending that kind of money when others in the world need it so badly.
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Instead of feeling guilty, go to the Charity Hotels website. Look at the list of hotels in dozens of locations, including Orlando, New York, and Paris. Once you’ve determined Charity Hotels has a hotel sponsoring them in the city you want to visit, fill in the simple form provided with your desired dates of stay, city and hotel you want to stay at, and number of rooms and people per room. On the next page, select from a list of hotels, including the one you chose, and book your reservation.
Now every time you lay down in your comfortable bed at the end of a long day, you can not only replay all the fun you had during the day, but also think about how your donation through the Charity Hotels website is helping a child somewhere in the world get food, clean water, and a safe and comfortable place of his or her own to sleep. Or that your donation is going toward helping researchers solve the AIDS problem in Africa. Or that you have spent enough on the hotel room to put a roof on a house somewhere in tsunami-stricken Southeast Asia.
How Can This Work?
The concept is really simple. Just like with Expedia and other online booking systems, the hotels listed by Charity Hotels pay a commission for each booking to Charity Hotels. The difference is that instead of your money going to a corporation, it goes to a charity you believe in, helping people worldwide you don’t know but still care about.
Just like with other online agents, you are using a reliable, secure, and simple method to get your hotel registration. And just like all the others, you’re guaranteed the best possible internet rates. You should never pay more than you would pay on the other sites, and you won’t have a surcharge added to your bill.
Charity Hotels has a database covering more than 25,000 hotels throughout the world. You get regular and last minute booking for hotel rooms, and you’ll always get the best price.
With the hundreds of hotel reservation sites online today, it’s hard to tell which is the best. They all claim to be, of course. And they’re all better than the others at one or another specialized thing – they offer more European hotels, or they offer hostel bookings as well as hotel booking, or they give you more pictures of the hotels you’re considering, or you get a slightly cheaper rate, or you have user-created hotel reviews. With Charity Hotels, you don’t get the frills and extras that your commissions pay for on the other sites. Instead, you get the satisfaction of knowing that you have done something positive for the world when you book your reservation.
If you’re happy with your Charity Hotels reservation, you should tell your friends and family. Charity Hotels gets a better price for hotel rooms for selling more rooms. Better yet, since they are a charitable organisation, they have an easier time negotiating prices than a corporate organisation would have. You can always expect a great price with Charity Hotels, and it will only get better.
What Else Should I Know?
Because the rates offered through Charity Hotels are so cheap, you will need to secure your reservation with up-front credit card payment. If you find a lower rate for the same dates at the same hotel, you should call Charity Hotels within 24 hours of booking your reservation, and Charity Hotels will adjust the rate with the hotel and donate the difference to charity. (note: this only applies to rates marked Special Negotiated Internet Rates.)
You may find some of the hotels on Charity Hotels marked “Preferred Hotel.” This could mean one of several things: it may offer better than average value to the customer, the hotel may have offered to donate a larger percentage than usual of the reservations booked through Charity Hotels, or the hotel has another special quality that makes it more attractive than the other hotels listed.
Your credit card information is accepted over a secure server. All major credit cards are accepted through Charity Hotels, but because the booking and credit charge actually goes through the hotel you’re going to stay at, there may be some differences in what credit cards are actually accepted. For the same reason, cancellation policies will also vary from hotel to hotel.
To read about 70th birthday ideas and 75th birthday gift ideas, visit the Birthday Celebration Ideas site.
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For the first time in the history of FIFA World cup, Spain and Netherlands are going to lock their horns for the top spot. Entry of Netherlands in the finals has ended their long wait of 32 years. Dutch fans all around the world are going to pray and hope for a fantastic performance by the team this Sunday. ‘Sneijder’ may even become the highest goal scorer of the 2010 World Cup. The win in the finals would certainly make them immortal but is it going to be that simple? The skillful Spanish team is not going to make it easy. Both the teams are in unbeatable spirit. The final match of 2010 World Cup is going to be the greatest event of the year. So how do we make it special? Not everyone can fly to Africa, but we can definitely create our own stadium-like experience.
Plan for a mini soccer stadium: Make arrangement for a place where some 20-30 friends can sit together. A large screen HD TV would give a near perfect picture, so hire it or even a projector will give good result. Make sure the room is large enough to accommodate all. Comfortable and relaxing seats should be provided.
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Other basic arrangements: Make a list of friends to be invited and send them notice in advance. Organizers can charge them for all the arrangements. Ample supply of snacks and drinks are to be stored. To get the feel of the real stadium keep some team flags ready, decorate the room with team’s colors and also keep some ‘Wuwuzela’ handy.
Distribute or sell some team merchandise: Team merchandise is a great way to show your support. Those supporting Spain can wear Spanish team T-shirts while those supporting Netherlands can sport Dutch team shirts. The mix of jacket, caps, headbands and other stuff can also be distributed.
Make alternate arrangement ready: In case if the connection or power supply goes off, there should be substitute arrangement like power back ups. You can also set the online feeds ready. There are many sites offering live streams online.
It comes only once in four year. And all the participating as well as non participating nation waits eagerly to catch glimpses of it. 19th FIFA 2010 World Cup is almost at the end of its journey. Let’s make it an event to remember for another four years till it comes back again in Brazil in the year 2014.
You can buy some great looking football merchandise for your party from online stores. Soccer merchandise of different teams is also easily available.
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History
The Athabasca oil sands are named after the Athabasca River which cuts through the heart of the deposit, and traces of the heavy oil are readily observed on the river banks. Historically, the bitumen was used by the indigenous Cree and Dene Aboriginal peoples to waterproof their canoes. The oil deposits are located within the boundaries of Treaty 8, and several First Nations of the area are involved with the sands.
Athabasca oil sands on the banks of the river, c. 1900
The Athabasca oil sands first came to the attention of European fur traders in 1719 when Wa-pa-su, a Cree trader, brought a sample of bituminous sands to the Hudson’s Bay Company post at York Factory on Hudson Bay where Henry Kelsey was the manager. In 1778, Peter Pond, another fur trader and a founder of the rival North West Company, became the first European to see the Athabasca deposits after discovering the Methye Portage which allowed access to the rich fur resources of the Athabasca River system from the Hudson Bay watershed.
In 1788, fur trader Alexander MacKenzie (who later discovered routes to both the Arctic and Pacific Oceans from this area) wrote: “At about 24 miles (39 km) from the fork (of the Athabasca and Clearwater Rivers) are some bituminous fountains into which a pole of 20 feet (6.1 m) long may be inserted without the least resistance. The bitumen is in a fluid state and when mixed with gum, the resinous substance collected from the spruce fir, it serves to gum the Indians’ canoes.” He was followed in 1799 by map maker David Thompson and in 1819 by British Naval officer Sir John Franklin.
Sir John Richardson did the first geological assessment of the oil sands in 1848 on his way north to search for Franklin’s lost expedition. The first government-sponsored survey of the oil sands was initiated in 1875 by John Macoun, and in 1883, G.C. Hoffman of the Geological Survey of Canada tried separating the bitumen from oil sand with the use of water and reported that it separated readily. In 1888, Dr. Robert Bell, the director of the Geological Survey of Canada, reported to a Senate Committee that “The evidence … points to the existence in the Athabasca and Mackenzie valleys of the most extensive petroleum field in America, if not the world.”
In 1926, Dr. Karl Clark of the University of Alberta perfected a hot water separation process which became the basis of today’s thermal extraction process. Several attempts to implement it had varying degrees of success, but it was 1967 before the first commercially viable operation began with the opening of the Great Canadian Oil Sands (now Suncor) plant using surfactants in the separation process developed by Dr. Earl W. Malmberg of Sun Oil Company.
Oil sands production
Commercial production of oil from the Athabasca oil sands began in 1967, when Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited (then a subsidiary of Sun Oil Company but now an independent company known as Suncor Energy) opened its first mine, producing 30,000 barrels per day (4,800 m3/d) of synthetic crude oil. Development was inhibited by declining world oil prices, and the second mine, operated by the Syncrude consortium, did not begin operating until 1978, after the 1973 oil crisis sparked investor interest. However, the price of oil subsided afterwards, and although the 1979 energy crisis caused oil prices to peak again, introduction of the National Energy Program by Pierre Trudeau discouraged foreign investment in the Canadian oil industry. During the 1980s, oil prices declined to very low levels, causing considerable retrenchment in the oil industry, and the third mine, operated by Shell Canada, did not begin operating until 2003. However, as a result of oil price increases since 2003, the existing mines have been greatly expanded and new ones are being planned.
According to the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, 2005 production of crude bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands was as follows:
2005 Production
m3/day
bbl/day
Suncor Mine
31,000
195,000
Syncrude Mine
41,700
262,000
Shell Canada Mine
26,800
169,000
In Situ Projects
21,300
134,000
TOTAL
120,800
760,000
As of 2006, output of oil sands production had increased to 1.126 million barrels per day (179,000 m3/d). Oil sands were the source of 62% of Alberta’s total oil production and 47% of all oil produced in Canada. The Alberta government believes this level of production could reach 3 Mbbl/d (480,000 m3/d) by 2020 and possibly 5 Mbbl/d (790,000 m3/d) by 2030.
Future production
As of December 2008, the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers revised its 2008-2020 crude oil forecasts to account for project cancellations and cutbacks as a result of the price declines in the second half of 2008. The revised forecast predicted that Canadian oil sands production would continue to grow, but at a slower rate than previously predicted. There would be minimal changes to 2008-2012 production, but by 2020 production could be 300,000 barrels per day (48,000 m3/d) less than its prior predictions. This would mean that Canadian oil sands production would grow from 1.2 million barrels per day (190,000 m3/d) in 2008 to 3.3 million barrels per day (520,000 m3/d) in 2020, and that total Canadian oil production would grow from 2.7 to 4.1 million barrels per day (430,000 to 650,000 m3/d) in 2020. Even accounting for project cancellations, this would place Canada among the four or five largest oil-producing countries in the world by 2020.
In early December 2007, London based BP and Calgary based Husky Energy announced a 50/50 joint venture to produce and refine bitumen from the Athabasca oil sands. BP would contribute its Toledo, Ohio refinery to the joint venture, while Husky would contribute its Sunrise oil sands project. Sunrise was planned to start producing 60,000 barrels per day (9,500 m3/d) of bitumen in 2012 and may reach 200,000 bbl/d (30,000 m3/d) by 2015-2020. BP would modify its Toledo refinery to process 170,000 bbl/d (27,000 m3/d) of bitumen directly to refined products. The joint venture would solve problems for both companies, since Husky was short of refining capacity, and BP had no presence in the oil sands. It was a change of strategy for BP, since the company historically has downplayed the importance of oil sands.
In mid December 2007, ConocoPhillips announced its intention to increase its oil sands production from 60,000 barrels per day (9,500 m3/d) to 1 million barrels per day (160,000 m3/d) over the next 20 years, which would make it the largest private sector oil sands producer in the world. ConocoPhillips currently holds the largest position in the Canadian oil sands with over 1 million acres (4000 km2) under lease. Other major oil sands producers planning to increase their production include Royal Dutch Shell (to 770,000 bbl/d (122,000 m3/d); Syncrude Canada (to 550,000 bbl/d (87,000 m3/d); Suncor Energy (to 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d) and Canadian Natural Resources (to 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d). If all these plans come to fruition, these five companies will be producing over 3.3 million bbl/d (500,000 m3/d) of oil from oil sands by 2028.
Major Athabasca Oil Sands Projects (as of December 2007)
Project Name
Type
Major Partners
National
Affiliation
2007 Production
(barrels/day)
Planned Production
(barrels/day)
Suncor
Primarily Mining
Suncor Energy
Canada
239,100
500,000
Syncrude
Mining
Syncrude
Canada (some USA)
307,000
550,000
Albian Sands
Mining
Shell(60%), Chevron(20%), Marathon(20%)
UK/Netherlands, USA
136,000
770,000
MacKay River
SAGD
Petro-Canada
Canada
30,000
190,000
Fort Hills
Mining
Petro-Canada(60%), UTS Energy(20%), Teck(20%)
Canada
140,000
Foster Creek, Christina Lake
SAGD
EnCana Energy(50%), ConocoPhillips(50%)
Canada, USA
6,000
400,000
Surmont
SAGD
Total S.A.(50%),ConocoPhillips(50%)
France, USA
193,000
Hangingstone
SAGD
Japan Canada Oil Sands (JACOS)
Japan
8,000
30,000
Long Lake
SAGD
Nexen(65%), OPTI Canada(35%)
Canada
240,000
Horizon
Mining and in situ
Canadian Natural Resources Limited
Canada
500,000
Jackfish I and II
SAGD
Devon Energy
USA
??
70,000
Northern Lights
Mining
Total S.A.(60%), Sinopec(40%)
France, China
100,000
Kearl
Mining
Imperial Oil, ExxonMobil
USA
300,000
Sunrise
SAGD
Husky Energy(50%), BP(50%)
Canada, UK
200,000
Tucker
SAGD
Husky Energy
Canada
??
30,000
Oil Sands Project
Mining and SAGD
Total S.A. (76%), Oxy (15%), Inpex (10%)
France, USA, Japan
225,000
Ells River
SAGD
Chevron(60%), Marathon(20%), Shell(20%)
USA, UK/Netherlands
100,000
Terre de Grace
SAGD
Value Creation Inc
Canada
300,000
Kai Kos Dehseh
SAGD
Statoil
Norway
200,000
Black Gold Mine
Mining?
Korea National Oil Corporation
Korea
30,000
Total
726,100
5,068,000
Development
The key characteristic of the Athabasca deposit is that it is the only one shallow enough to be suitable for surface mining. About 10% of the Athabasca oil sands are covered by less than 75 metres (246 ft) of overburden. The mineable area as defined by the Alberta government covers 37 contiguous townships (about 3,400 km2/1,300 sq mi) north of the city of Fort McMurray. The overburden consists of 1 to 3 metres of water-logged muskeg on top of 0 to 75 metres of clay and barren sand, while the underlying oil sands are typically 40 to 60 metres thick and sit on top of relatively flat limestone rock. As a result of the easy accessibility, the world’s first oil sands mine was started by Great Canadian Oil Sands Limited (a predecessor company of Suncor Energy) in 1967. The Syncrude mine (the biggest mine in the world at 191 km2)[citation needed] followed in 1978, and the Albian Sands mine (operated by Shell Canada) in 2003. All three of these mines are associated with bitumen upgraders that convert the unusable bitumen into synthetic crude oil for shipment to refineries in Canada and the United States. At Albian, the upgrader is located at Scotford, 439 km south. The bitumen, diluted with a solvent is transferred there in a 610 millimetres (24 in) Corridor Pipeline.
Bitumen extraction
Main article: Oil sands#Extraction process
The original process for extraction of bitumen from the sands was developed by Dr. Karl Clark, working with Alberta Research Council in the 1920s. Today, all of the producers doing surface mining, such as Syncrude Canada, Suncor Energy and Albian Sands Energy etc., use a variation of the Clark Hot Water Extraction (CHWE) process. In this process, the ores are mined using open-pit mining technology. The mined ore is then crushed for size reduction. Hot water at 50 80 C is added to the ore and the formed slurry is transported using hydrotransport line to a primary separation vessel (PSV) where bitumen is recovered by flotation as bitumen froth. The recovered bitumen froth consists of 60% bitumen, 30% water and 10% solids by weight. The recovered bitumen froth needs to be cleaned to reject the contained solids and water to meet the requirement of downstream upgrading processes. Depending on the bitumen content in the ore, between 90 and 100% of the bitumen can be recovered using modern hot water extraction techniques. After oil extraction, the spent sand and other materials are then returned to the mine, which is eventually reclaimed.
More recently, in-situ methods like steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) have been developed to extract bitumen from deep deposits by injecting steam to heat the sands and reduce the bitumen viscosity so that it can be pumped out like conventional crude oil.
The standard extraction process requires huge amounts of natural gas. Currently, the oil sands industry uses about 4% of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin natural gas production. By 2015, this may increase 2.5 fold.
According to the National Energy Board, it requires about 1,200 cubic feet (34 m3) of natural gas to produce one barrel of bitumen from in situ projects and about 700 cubic feet (20 m3) for integrated projects. Since a barrel of oil equivalent is about 6,000 cubic feet (170 m3) of gas, this represents a large gain in energy. That being the case, it is likely that Alberta regulators will reduce exports of natural gas to the United States in order to provide fuel to the oil sands plants. As gas reserves are exhausted, however, oil upgraders will likely turn to bitumen gasification to generate their own fuel. In much the same way the bitumen can be converted into synthetic crude oil, it can also be converted into synthetic natural gas.
In-situ extraction on a commercial scale is just beginning. A project nearing completion, the Long Lake Project, is designed to provide its own fuel, by on-site hydrocracking of the bitumen extracted. Long Lake Phase 1 is extracting 13,000 barrels/day of bitumen as of July 2008, ramping towards a target of 72,000 in late 2009. and “upgrading” of bitumen to liquid oil in 2007, producing 60,000 bbl/day of usable oil. The hydrocracker is scheduled to complete commissioning by September 2008.
Environmental impacts
See also: Environmental issues surrounding oil sands exploitation
Mining operations in the Athabasca oil sands. Image shows the Athabasca River about 600m from the tailings pond. NASA Earth Observatory photo, 2009.
Critics contend that government and industry measures taken to minimize environmental and health risks posed by large-scale mining operations are inadequate, causing damage to the natural environment. Objective discussion of the environmental impacts has often been clouded by polarized arguments from industry and from advocacy groups.
Land
Approximately 20% of Alberta’s oil sands are recoverable through open-pit mining, while 80% require in situ extraction technologies (largely because of their depth). Open pit mining destroys the boreal forest and muskeg. The Alberta government requires companies to restore the land to “equivalent land capability”. This means that the ability of the land to support various land uses after reclamation is similar to what existed, but that the individual land uses may not necessarily be identical. In some particular circumstances the government considers agricultural land to be equivalent to forest land. Oil sands companies have reclaimed mined land to use as pasture for wood bison instead of restoring it to the original boreal forest and muskeg. Syncrude asserts they have reclaimed 22% of their disturbed land.
Water
A Pembina Institute report stated “To produce one cubic metre (m3) of synthetic crude oil (SCO) (upgraded bitumen) in a mining operation requires about 24.5 m3 of water (net figures). Approved oil sands mining operations are currently licensed to divert 359 million m3 from the Athabasca River, or more than twice the volume of water required to meet the annual municipal needs of the City of Calgary.” and went on to say “…the net water requirement to produce a cubic metre of oil with in situ (emphasis added) production may be as little as 0.2 m3, depending on how much is recycled”. Jeffrey Simpson of the Globe and Mail paraphrased this report, saying: “A cubic metre of oil, mined from the tar sands, needs two to 4.5 cubic metres of water.
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The Athabasca River runs 1,231 kilometres from the Athabasca Glacier in west-central Alberta to Lake Athabasca in northeastern Alberta . The average annual flow just downstream of Fort McMurray is 633 cubic metres per second with its highest daily average measuring 1,200 cubic metres per second.
Water license allocations total about 1% of the Athabasca river average annual flow. Actual use in 2006 was about 0.4%. In addition, the Alberta government sets strict limits on how much water oil sands companies can remove from the Athabasca River. According to the Water Management Framework for the Lower Athabasca River, during periods of low river flow water consumption from the Athabasca River is limited to 1.3% of annual average flow. The province of Alberta is also looking into cooperative withdrawal agreements between oil sands operators.
Natural gas use and greenhouse gases
The processing of bitumen into synthetic crude requires energy, and currently this energy is generated by burning natural gas, which releases carbon dioxide. In 2007, the oil sands used around 1 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day, around 40% of Alberta’s total usage. Based on gas purchases, natural gas requirements are given by the Canadian Energy Resource Institute as 2.14 GJ (2.04 mcf) per barrel for cyclic steam stimulation projects, 1.08 GJ (1.03 mcf) per barrel for SAGD projects, 0.55 GJ (0.52 mcf) per barrel for bitumen extraction in mining operations not including upgrading or 1.54 GJ (1.47 mcf) per barrel for extraction and upgrading in mining operations.
The forecast growth in synthetic oil production in Alberta also threatens Canada’s international commitments. In ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, Canada agreed to reduce, by 2012, its greenhouse gas emissions by 6% with respect to 1990. In 2002, Canada’s total greenhouse gas emissions had increased by 24% since 1990. Oil Sands production contributed 3.4% of Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions in 2003.
Ranked as the world’s eighth largest emitter of greenhouse gases, Canada is a relatively large emitter given its population and is missing its Kyoto targets. A major Canadian initiative called the Integrated CO2 Network (ICO2N) has proposed a system for the large scale capture, transport and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). ICO2N members represent a group of industry participants providing a framework for carbon capture and storage development in Canada, initially using it to enhance oil recovery. Nuclear power has also been proposed as a means of generating the required energy without releasing green house gases.
Population
The Athabasca oil sands are located in the northeastern portion of the Canadian province of Alberta, near the city of Fort McMurray. The area is only sparsely populated, and in the late 1950s, it was primarily a wilderness outpost of a few hundred people whose main economic activities included fur trapping and salt mining. From a population of 37,222 in 1996, the boomtown of Fort McMurray and the surrounding region (known as the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo) grew to 79,810 people as of 2006, including a “shadow population” of 10,442 living in work camps, leaving the community struggling to provide services and housing for migrant workers, many of them from Eastern Canada, especially Newfoundland. Fort McMurray ceased to be an incorporated city in 1995 and is now an urban service area within Wood Buffalo.
Estimated oil reserves
The Alberta government’s Energy and Utilities Board (EUB) estimated in 2007 that about 173 billion barrels (27.510^9 m3) of crude bitumen are economically recoverable from the three Alberta oil sands areas based on benchmark WTI market prices of per barrel in 2006, rising to a projected per barrel in 2016 using current technology. This was equivalent to about 10% of the estimated 1,700 billion barrels (27010^9 m3) of bitumen-in-place. In fact WTI prices topped 3 in May 2008. Alberta estimated that the Athabasca deposits alone contain 35 billion barrels (5.610^9 m3) of surface mineable bitumen and 98 billion barrels (15.610^9 m3) of bitumen recoverable by in-situ methods. These estimates of Canada’s reserves were doubted when they were first published but are now largely accepted by the international oil industry. This volume placed Canadian proven reserves second in the world behind those of Saudi Arabia.
Syncrude’s Mildred Lake mine site and plant
The method of calculating economically recoverable reserves that produced these estimates was adopted because conventional methods of accounting for reserves gave increasingly meaningless numbers. They made it appear that Alberta was running out of oil at a time when rapid increases in oil sands production were more than offsetting declines in conventional oil, and in fact most of Alberta’s oil production is now unconventional oil. Conventional estimates of oil reserves are really calculations of the geological risk of drilling for oil, but in the oil sands there is very little geological risk because they outcrop on the surface and are easy to locate. With the oil price increases since 2003, the economic risk of low oil prices was reduced.
The Alberta estimates only assume a recovery rate of around 20% of bitumen-in-place, whereas oil companies using the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) method of extracting bitumen report that they can recover over 60% with little effort.
Only 3% of the initial established crude bitumen reserves have been produced since commercial production started in 1967. At rate of production projected for 2015, about 3 million barrels per day (48010^3 m3/d), the Athabasca oil sands reserves would last over 170 years. However those production levels require an influx of workers into an area that until recently was largely uninhabited. By 2007 this need in northern Alberta drove unemployment rates in Alberta and adjacent British Columbia to the lowest levels in history. As far away as the Atlantic Provinces, where workers were leaving to work in Alberta, unemployment rates fell to levels not seen for over one hundred years.
The Venezuelan Orinoco Oil Sands site may contain more oil sands than Athabasca. However, while the Orinoco deposits are less viscous and more easily produced using conventional techniques (the Venezuelan government prefers to call them “extra-heavy oil”), they are too deep to access by surface mining.
Economics
Despite the large reserves, the cost of extracting the oil from bituminous sands has historically made production of the oil sands unprofitablehe cost of selling the extracted crude would not cover the direct costs of recovery; labour to mine the sands and fuel to extract the crude.
Oil prices 1996-2008 (not adjusted for inflation)
In mid-2006, the National Energy Board of Canada estimated the operating cost of a new mining operation in the Athabasca oil sands to be C to C per barrel, while the cost of an in-situ SAGD operation (using dual horizontal wells) would be C to C per barrel. This compares to operating costs for conventional oil wells which can range from less than one dollar per barrel in Iraq and Saudi Arabia to over six in the United States and Canada’s conventional oil reserves.
The capital cost of the equipment required to mine the sands and haul it to processing is a major consideration in starting production. The NEB estimates that capital costs raise the total cost of production to C to C per barrel for a new mining operation and C to C per barrel for a SAGD operation. This does not include the cost of upgrading the crude bitumen to synthetic crude oil, which makes the final costs C to C per barrel for a new mining operation.
Therefore, although high crude prices make the cost of production very attractive, sudden drops in price leaves producers unable to recover their capital costslthough the companies are well financed and can tolerate long periods of low prices since the capital has already been spent and they can typically cover incremental operating costs.
However, the development of commercial production is made easier by the fact that exploration costs are very low. Such costs are a major factor when assessing the economics of drilling in a traditional oil field. The location of the oil deposits in the oil sands are well known, and an estimate of recovery costs can usually be made easily. There is not another region in the world with energy deposits of comparable magnitude where it would be less likely that the installations would be confiscated by a hostile national government, or be endangered by a war or revolution.
As a result of the oil price increases since 2003, the economics of oil sands have improved dramatically. At a world price of US per barrel, the NEB estimated an integrated mining operation would make a rate return of 16 to 23%, while a SAGD operation would return 16 to 27%. Prices since 2006 have risen, exceeding US5 in mid 2008. As a result, capital expenditures in the oil sands announced for the period 2006 to 2015 are expected to exceed C0 billion, which is twice the amount projected as recently as 2004. However, because of an acute labour shortage which has developed in Alberta, it is not likely that all these projects can be completed.
At present the area around Fort McMurray has seen the most effect from the increased activity in the oil sands. Although jobs are plentiful, housing is in short supply and expensive. People seeking work often arrive in the area without arranging accommodation, driving up the price of temporary accommodation. The area is isolated, with only a two-lane road connecting it to the rest of the province, and there is pressure on the government of Alberta to improve road links as well as hospitals and other infrastructure.
Despite the best efforts of companies to move as much of the construction work as possible out of the Fort McMurray area, and even out of Alberta, the shortage of skilled workers is spreading to the rest of the province.. Even without the oil sands, the Alberta economy would be very strong, but development of the oil sands has resulted in the strongest period of economic growth ever recorded by a Canadian province.
Geopolitical importance
The Athabasca Oil Sands are now featured prominently in international trade talks, with energy rivals China and the United States negotiating with Canada for a bigger share of the oil sands’ rapidly increasing output. Output at the oil sands is expected to quadruple between 2005 and 2015, reaching 4 million bbl/day, increasing their political and economic importance. Currently most of the oil sands production is exported to the United States.
An agreement has been signed between PetroChina and Enbridge to build a 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m3/d) pipeline from Edmonton, Alberta, to the west coast port of Kitimat, British Columbia, to export synthetic crude oil from the oil sands to China and elsewhere in the Pacific, plus a 150-million-barrel-per-day (24,000,000 m3/d) pipeline running the other way to import condensate to dilute the bitumen so it will flow. Sinopec, China’s largest refining and chemical company, and China National Petroleum Corporation have bought or are planning to buy shares in major oil sands development.
On August 20, 2009, the U.S. State Department issued a presidential permit for an Alberta Clipper Pipeline that will run from Hardisty, Alberta to Superior, Wisconsin. The pipeline will be capable of carrying up to 450,000 barrels of crude oil a day from the Athabasca Oil Sands to U.S. refineries.
Indigenous peoples of the area
Indigenous peoples of the area include the Fort McKay First Nation. The oil sands themselves are located within the boundaries of Treaty 8, signed in 1899. The Fort McKay First Nation has formed several companies to service the oil sands industry and will be developing a mine on their territory. Opposition remaining within the First Nation focuses on environmental stewardship issues.
Oil sand companies
Planned mining operation oil production by various companies. Data from table below.
There are currently three large oil sands mining operations in the area run by Syncrude Canada Limited, Suncor Energy and Albian Sands owned by Shell Canada, Chevron, and Marathon Oil Corp.
Major producing or planned developments in the Athabasca Oil Sands include the following projects:
Suncor Energy’s Steepbank and Millennium mines currently produce 263,000 barrels per day (41,800 m3/d) and its Firebag in-situ project produces 35,000 bbl/d (5,600 m3/d). It intends to spend 3.2 billion to expand its mining operations to 400,000 bbl/d (64,000 m3/d) and its in-situ production to 140,000 bbl/d (22,000 m3/d) by 2008.
Syncrude’s Mildred Lake and Aurora mines currently can produce 360,000 bbl/d (57,000 m3/d).
Shell Canada currently operates its Muskeg River Mine producing 155,000 bbl/d (24,600 m3/d) and the Scotford Upgrader at Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta. Shell intends to open its new Jackpine mine and expand total production to 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d) over the next few years.
Nexen’s in-situ Long Lake SAGD project is now producing 70,000 bbl/d (11,000 m3/d). Plans to expand it to 240,000 bbl/d (38,000 m3/d) have been made. Expansion plans were delayed in early 2009.
CNRL’s billion Horizon mine is planned to produce 110,000 bbl/d (17,000 m3/d) on startup in mid 2009 and grow to 300,000 bbl/d (48,000 m3/d) by 2010.
Total S.A.’s subsidiary Deer Creek Energy is operating a SAGD project on its Joslyn lease, producing 10,000 bbl/d (1,600 m3/d). It intends on constructing its mine by 2010 to expand its production by 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d).
Imperial Oil’s 5 to 8 billion Kearl Oil Sands Project is projected to start construction in 2008 and produce 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) by 2010. Imperial also operates a 160,000 bbl/d (25,000 m3/d) in-situ operation in the Cold Lake oil sands region.
Synenco Energy and SinoCanada Petroleum Corp., a subsidiary of Sinopec, China’s largest oil refiner, had agreed to create the 3.5 billion Northern Lights mine, projected to produce 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) by 2009. This project has since been indefinitely deferred (as of 2007).
North American Oil Sands Corporation (NAOSC), a subsidiary of Statoil, is expected to produce in the Kai Kos Dehseh project around 100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d) by 2015. It is expected to ramp up production to around 100,000 barrels per day (16,000 m3/d) by around 2015.
Mining Projects
Operator
Project
Phase
Capacity
Start-up
Regulatory Status
Royal Dutch Shell
Jackpine
1A
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2010
Under construction
1B
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2012
Approved
2
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2014
Applied for
Muskeg River
Existing
155,000 bbl/d (24,600 m3/d)
2002
Operating
Expansion
115,000 bbl/d (18,300 m3/d)
2010
Approved
Pierre River
1
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2018
Applied for
2
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2021
Applied for
Canadian Natural Resources
Horizon
1
135,000 bbl/d (21,500 m3/d)
2009
Operating
2 and 3
135,000 bbl/d (21,500 m3/d)
2011
Approved
4
145,000 bbl/d (23,100 m3/d)
2015
Announced
5
162,000 bbl/d (25,800 m3/d)
2017
Announced
Imperial Oil
Kearl
1
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2010
Approved
2
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2012
Approved
3
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2018
Approved
Petro Canada
Fort Hills
1
165,000 bbl/d (26,200 m3/d)
2011
Approved
debottleneck
25,000 bbl/d (4,000 m3/d)
TBD
Approved
Suncor Energy
Millenium
294,000 bbl/d (46,700 m3/d)
1967
Operating
debottleneck
23,000 bbl/d (3,700 m3/d)
2008
Under construction
Steepbank
debottleneck
4,000 bbl/d (640 m3/d)
2007
Under construction
extension
2010
Approved
Voyageur South
1
120,000 bbl/d (19,000 m3/d)
2012
Applied for
Syncrude
Mildred Lake & Aurora
1 and 2
290,700 bbl/d (46,220 m3/d)
1978
Operating
3 Expansion
116,300 bbl/d (18,490 m3/d)
2006
Operating
3 Debottleneck
46,500 bbl/d (7,390 m3/d)
2011
Announced
4 Expansion
139,500 bbl/d (22,180 m3/d)
2015
Announced
Synenco Energy
Northern Lights
1
57,250 bbl/d (9,102 m3/d)
2010
Applied for
Total S.A.
Joslyn
1
50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d)
2013
Applied for
2
50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d)
2016
Applied for
3
50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d)
2019
Announced
4
50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d)
2022
Announced
UTS/Teck Cominco
Equinox
Lease 14
50,000 bbl/d (7,900 m3/d)
2014
Public disclosure
Frontier
1
100,000 bbl/d (16,000 m3/d)
2014
Public disclosure
Royal Dutch Shell – misleading advertisement
In August 2008 the British Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) ruled that Royal Dutch Shell had misled the public by claiming that its oil sands project in Alberta was a “sustainable energy source”. Although widely used, “sustainable” had been deemed a “vague” and “ambiguous” term, in light of DEFRA’s advice that companies should avoid vague environmentally-friendly terms intended to simply give a good impression. They concluded the claim of sustainability was misleading “[b]ecause we had not seen data that showed how Shell was effectively managing carbon emissions from its oil sands projects in order to limit climate change”.
See also
Canadian Centre for Energy Information
History of the petroleum industry in Canada (oil sands and heavy oil)
Mackenzie Valley Pipeline
Utah Oil Sands Joint Venture
References
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^ Enbridge and PetroChina Sign Gateway Pipeline Cooperation Agreement | Business Wire | Find Articles at BNET
^ http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/aug/128164.htm
^ http://albertaclipper.state.gov/clientsite/clipper.nsf?Open
^ Financial Post Articleboriginal implication in the project
^ Oil Sands Projects Oilsands Discovery
^ Synenco conference transcript
^ Wojciech Moskwa (2007-04-27). “Statoil to buy North American Oil Sands for 2 bln”. Financial Post. http://www.financialpost.com/story.html?id=fc2c62db-792e-44e9-9819-3480d41ddcbf&k=99838&p=1. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
^ Shell rapped by ASA for ‘greenwash’ advert – guardian.co.uk, August 13, 2008
External links
Alberta Oil Sands: Key Issues and Impacts
OnEarth Magazine Canada’s Highway to Hell
Mud, Sweat and Tearsuardian Newspaper, 2007
Hugh McCullum, Fuelling Fortress America: A Report on the Athabasca Tar Sands and U.S. Demands for Canada’s Energy (The Parkland Institute)xecutive SummaryDownload report
Oil Sands Historyyncrude Canada
Oil Sands Discovery Centreort McMurray Tourism
The Trillion-Barrel Tar Pitrticle from December 2004 Wired.
Oil Sands Reviewister publication to Oilweek Magazine
Alberta’s Oil Sandslberta Department of Energy
Alberta’s Reserves 2005 and Supply/Demand Outlook 2006-2015lberta Energy and Utilities Board 2006-06-15
Canada’s Oil Sandspportunities and Challenges to 2015: An Updateune 2006ational Energy Board of Canada
Oilsands overview- Canadian Centre for Energy Information
Alberta Plan Fails to Protect Athabasca River
Megaprojects
“Energy Statistics Handbook” (February 2008) Statistics Canada ISSN 1496-4600
Alastair Sweeny, History of the Oilsands to 1914
(French) Du sable dans l’engrenage tv document by Guy Gendron and Jean-Luc Paquette describing the Athabasca oil sands issues.
Further reading
Kunzig, Robert (March 2009). “The Canadian Oil Boom: Scraping Bottom”. National Geographic 215 (3): 3859. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/03/canadian-oil-sands/kunzig-text. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
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Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Hydrocarbon history
Oil sands and heavy oil Frontier exploration and development Natural gas liquids Natural gas
Depositional Regions
Southern Alberta Central Alberta Northwestern Alberta Plains South-central Canadian Rockies foothills North-east Plains North-central foothills Liard River Fort Nelson Northern Rocky Mountains Fort St. John Saskatchewan Western Manitoba
Oil and gas fields
Athabasca Greater Sierra Hamburg Leduc Pembina Wabasca
Categories: Athabasca Oil Sands | Oil fields of Alberta | Bituminous sands of Canada | History of the petroleum industry | Petroleum production in Canada | Economic history of Canada | Oil companies of Canada | History of Alberta | Economy of Canada | Planned or proposed energy projectsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009
I am China Hardware Suppliers writer, reports some information about traxxas top fuel , palladium catalysts.
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Jump on a mountain bike for healthy off-road holiday exercise, or maybe a road bike for more well travelled, sealed paths.
Cambodia
The awesome ancient temples of Angkor are scattered over the landscape just outside the Cambodian town of Siem Reap. Enjoy cycling around the main complexes before heading through lush rice paddy scenery to beautiful outlying temples like Banteay Srei. With a fairly flat landscape, one can easily head onto peaceful rural roads and meet friendly Cambodian people in the villages you pass.
Australia
Such a huge country is hard to sum up in a few sentences! City bike tours taking in Sydney and Melbourne’s famous landmarks are a healthy and fun way to do your sightseeing. For those wanting to see “the outback” plenty of rural roads and national parks will ensure there’s no shortage of trips to undertake. Distances in Australia can be huge, so maybe pick an area and start planning. Tasmania’s pleasantly mild climate in the hotter summer months is an advantage for biking at that time of year.
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The Netherlands
The Netherlands was made for cycling. A flat landscape, a strong local cycling culture and manageable distances made this country a dream cycling destination. Whether it’s Amsterdam, The Hague, or the Dutch countryside, replete with windmills and quaint pastures, you will find The Netherlands fits the bill.
France
Emulating Tour de France heroics is one option. Leisurely rides around Bordeaux and enjoying a little wine tasting is another. With literally thousands of wine growers, one is never going to experience them all! Local trains can get you to smaller regions within Bordeaux, from where one can often rent a sturdy bicycle to explore the local region.
Denmark
Enjoy some fresh, crisp Scandinavian air as you make your way around this cycle friendly and conveniently compact country. The Cycling Denmark organisation was established to assist the visitor with useful cycling information, maps, routes, bike tool kits, luggage forwarding and other cycling related services. As for the actual landscapes, Denmark offers quite a range, from tranquil nature trails to pretty coastlines. The gently undulating countryside allows all levels of cyclists to participate.
Indonesia
Samosir Island sits in Lake Toba, both created by an eruption of a huge volcano, scores of thousands of years ago. This Northern Sumatran inland island is a scenic and peaceful destination. One small peninsula contains most of the tourist accommodation. Despite this, it’s a fairly sleepy place, and gets even sleepier as one heads further afield. At least half the island is paved, and one can enjoy the beautiful lake views and breezes as one follows the waterside circuit around the island.
South Africa
Thrill seekers can enjoy downhill mountain bike fun on Cape Town’s iconic Table Mountain. Nearby Stellenbosch offers wineries with your scenery. Also in the cape, beautiful trails along the Garden Route are another cycling option.
Riding on bmx bikes is great for bush trails with jumps if the overall terrain is fairly flat. Otherwise try a mountain bike for help in getting up hills.
Shop online for cycling bikes at Sell Your Bike – the best bicycle classifieds in Australia. New & used bicycles for sale. For more information or to view our bikes, visit Mountain Bikes
.
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Holiday Homes in Amsterdam
Many people’s burning question is where to enjoy this vacation! Reply is very simple, if you have not visited Amsterdam till now, this is the good opportunity for you to spend your vacation joyfully in Amsterdam, the capital of Netherlands. It is a beautiful and historic city of canals, bridges, parks, restaurants, cafe’s, museums and many historic sites to visit like Dam Square, Van Gogh museum, Vondel Park etc. Accommodation isn’t a problem in a city like Amsterdam, as it has a variety of cuisines to offer. There is a huge selection of family friendly rental accommodation in Amsterdam. You can stay at hotels or in serviced apartments popular in tourists as holiday homes Amsterdam. Hotel stay can be a costly option than a serviced apartments or holiday homes. One can get home environment and better customer services in holiday homes. They are full equipped with all amenities required to stay for long term or short term by family and individuals.
Luxurious Serviced Apartments in Amsterdam
Amsterdam being the largest city in the Netherlands has many places to find luxurious serviced Apartments. World Fashion Apartments is one the best Luxurious furnished serviced apartments in Amsterdam having variety of Apartments to offer serviced apartment, a luxury apartment, cheaper apartments, holiday homes in Amsterdam including Amstelveen and other cities of Holland like Rotterdam, Utrecht and Eindhoven. It also offers �an online booking reservation facilitates the tourists and visitors to book their stay before their reach. Now, you may have questions that how this serviced apartments or holiday homes is different and better than luxury hotels. What it makes significant to opt the stay in holiday homes! These are the apartments providing you more space for individual or family members and kids to play their favorite indoor games, home environment and home feel best treatment than a five star hotel at affordable rate.
Apartment for Rent in Amsterdam
Apartment for rent in Amsterdam is fully furnished with modern amenities like fully equipped kitchen with self-catering facilities, single or double bedrooms, lounge area with pullout beds, private pools and hot tubs to make your stay as relaxing as possible with ultimate privacy for tourists, that the majority luxury hotels don�t have. These holiday homes are located and designed for tourists and travelers in such a way to be connected with city life, shopping centers, museums, clubs, and theaters along with local attractions. In hotels you may find same look and services across the world but in holiday homes and serviced apartments, you may find and feel more flexibility, local culture, touchy, cozier and friendlier than a stereotype hotel environment. You can feel the local environment, openness and can enjoy your holiday truly in these holiday homes. One can live his/her memorable time with good holiday home service can make your trip joyful in peaceful environment. Whereas the stay with family in a hotel for a week or two, can definitely feel you cramped. Thus Holiday homes are new concept to feel your freedom your own way at cheaper rate in Amsterdam.
World Fashion Apartment offers furnished�serviced apartments in Amsterdam, holiday homes Amsterdam, holiday lettings Amsterdam, apartment for rent in Amsterdam, Utrecht serviced apartments, cheap residential serviced apartments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam, low cost serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Luxurious serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary. SEO services�provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO,�Opal Infotech, India
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Serviced Apartments � Best Alternative Option to Hotels
Serviced apartments also referred as corporate housing, apart-hotels, temporary rentals, interim housing, short-term accommodation, business rentals, holiday homes, holiday lettings, holiday apartments, holiday rentals. All these are names for the same service: an exclusive, fully furnished and equipped apartment or executive home that’s ready to move into. Based on types of luxuries, these all are categorized and defined in different terms.
Amsterdam Serviced Apartments
Amsterdam is an international harbor city with a vast array of cultural venues. It’s a place where the architecture is diverse, where the museums and art galleries are plentiful and where the music scene hosts numerous festivals which are popular among visitors from all over the world. Theatre, opera and ballet admirers will find that the performances staged in this city are of the highest artistic value. Whatever entertainment you are seeking, you’ll find it in Amsterdam.
If you are looking for an accommodation during a short holiday break, business trip or temporary relocation, you will get luxurious serviced apartment for rent Amsterdam or Holiday lettings Amsterdam including Serviced Apartments in Amstelveen at cheaper rate, are an ideal alternative to hotels, providing more space, privacy and comfort for your money. A holiday letting is very cost effective and a great way to plan cheap holidays. The cost per person is often significantly lower than what you pay at a hotel.
Serviced Apartments in Eindhoven
Eindhoven is a city located in the south Netherlands. popular among tourists love the sports due to city’s Indoor Sports Centre, which is one of the biggest facilities of its kind in the Netherlands, Philips Stadium, Frits Philips Concert Hall, Evoluon Conference Centre, Gennerper Park and Ice Sports Centre etc. If you�re moving to Eindhoven for holidays or business trip or migrating there temporarily, serviced apartments in Eindhoven will be a good option for your stay. In Serviced apartments you can stay from few days to extended term. These luxury apartments are completely furnished and ready to move into, including telephones, video, color TV, Towels, cutlery, crockery, kitchen utensils, microwave, cooker, a wash-dryer, dishwasher, iron and ironing board, washing machine etc. some of the Luxurious residential serviced apartments have gyms or leisure centers, swimming pools and business conference facilities. One can book the reservation online for stay. These serviced apartments are very comfortable giving home comforts, relaxation, freedom and privacy feel you more joy and easiness compare to stress and boring feel in hotel stay. Furnished kitchen allow you to prepare the meals and snacks of your own choice and home taste at lower rate, ideal if you are with your family. Business people also prefer to stay in such luxury apartments to have their own work area and private meeting place. It offers comfortable home stay and atmosphere away from home to lift up your feet and relax after busy hours. Even sharing of apartment�s works cheaper to you if you are in group.��
World Fashion Apartment offers furnished�serviced apartments in Amsterdam, holiday homes Amsterdam, holiday lettings Amsterdam, apartment for rent in Amsterdam, Utrecht serviced apartments, cheap residential serviced apartments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam, low cost serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Luxurious serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary. SEO services�provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO,�Opal Infotech, India.
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All about Serviced Apartments in Budapest, Serviced Apartments in Hungary
Budapest, the capital of Hungary is the most beautiful city in central Europe known as “Pearl of the Danube”. Budapest being an important geographical location of Europe have developed well of parks brimming with attractions, museums filled with treasures, pleasure boats sailing up and down the scenic Danube to delight you both by day and by night. Budapest plays a significant role and has a lot value economically, politically and culturally due to central continental position. The art and European culture one can feel in their internationally recognized festivals, the Budapest farewell party and the Bridge Festival. Cultural and Musical life, Museums, galleries and night clubs are the prime attractions of Budapest. You can find 2000 year old Roman ruins and 400 year old Turkish monuments side by side. One must visit Budapest, Hungary to enjoy the life moments. Visitors and tourists accommodation is quite easy with hotels, holiday homes and Serviced apartments in Budapest.
World Fashion Apartments, headquarter in Amsterdam, Netherlands have extended their services of Luxurious furnished Serviced apartments in other European regions like Budapest, Hungary and Brussels apart from providing the serviced apartments in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and Eindhoven in Netherlands. So, whenever your visit Budapest on business trip or with family, World Fashion apartments offers ideal accommodations for work or leisure. For stays of a day, a week, a month or a year, serviced apartments, also known as Aparthotels, corporate housing or extended stay housing, holiday homes or holiday lettings offer a spacious, flexible and cost effective alternative to restrictive hotel rooms, with a good saving over an equivalent standard hotel. Serviced Apartments in Budapest are for short term or long term, larger than a typical hotel rooms, less expensive, fully fitted kitchens in each apartment allow for savings on room service and savings of expenses of snacks, meals and drinks can arrange at shopping mall price.
Serviced apartments in Hungary from World Fashion Apartments are referred as WFA-Apartments, are widely used by executives on business trips, on long term assignments or on project work, but shorter than a full relocation. Families also find the extra bedrooms and lounges in larger units as per their ideal requirements. Lesser restrictions make it more “Homey” than hotel rooms making it better for short term relocations for people on project assignments or any sort of temporary stay. More space means more luxury to do more, lounges can be used to chill in and entertain guests while kitchens can be used for home-cooking that hotels and restaurants cannot provide. Serviced apartments providers also providing the value added services like Airport transfer, car rental or arrangement of sightseeing tours for the visitors. Thus simply apartments offer the value for money than a traditional hotel cutting the expenses like bars, restaurants, tips and additional cost to each service. One need to pay only for rental apartment and not based on people sharing the apartment giving comfort to your pocket if you want to share the rooms with your relatives, friends or other group members. It creates the comforts of home at budget-friendly price tags. Freedom to live as you want and freedom to eat as you cook in home apartment away from your home. Serviced apartment gives the visitors, especially outsiders the golden opportunity to feel the local environment and culture. Shop your daily needs in local market, talk on the street gives you feeling to be a part of the city and not a visitor as majority serviced apartments are connected to the city life. This special designed serviced apartments maintain your privacy and independence and other facilities like transportation, In-room washer and dryer facilities, Lounge with dining room etc. Thus Serviced Apartments will be the best option for stay, if you are planning to visit Budapest, Hungary.
World Fashion Apartment offers furnished serviced apartments in Amsterdam, holiday homes Amsterdam, holiday lettings Amsterdam, apartment for rent Amsterdam, Utrecht serviced apartments, cheap residential serviced apartments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam, low cost serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Luxurious serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary. SEO services provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO, Opal Infotech, India.
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Scheepvaartmuseum was built in the National Naval Depot in 1656 as a storage building for the Navy. This historic architecture was designed by a Dutch architect Daniel Stalpaert.
The content of Scheepvaartmuseum highlights the maritime history of Netherland and hence also equally popular as Maritime Museum. Its detailed thematic collection includes paintings related to shipping and sailing, models of various ships, art and artefacts and different historical weapons. Maritime Museum gives you unforgettable collections during the Golden Age of Amsterdam, traditional trading expeditions, history of commercialisation and many more those establish Scheepvaartmuseum as the second-largest maritime collection in the world.
Scheepvaartmuseum has world class collections of the first edition of ‘De Moluccis Insulis’ by Maximilian Transylvanus and ‘Voyage Round the World’ by Ferdinand Magellan.
In the water next to the museum, you can find the replica of famous Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie’s commercial ship ‘Amsterdam’. The original Amsterdam sailed in the North Sea in between the Netherlands and the East India in 1749.The replica Amsterdam was built during the years 1985 to 1990 and is equally attracts visitors from every corner of the world.
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The new Scheepvaartmuseum has been reopened with equal historic values with a confederation of possibilities for private entertainments and business dealings. The new classic addition of a spectacular glass –roofed inner court can be used for business ventures or private parties that can accommodate thousand participants at a time. Three sophisticated chambers with wonderful water-view give an additional appeal to the commercial world.
Het Scheepvaartmuseum, the National Maritime Museum, is open again! With a 3D projection on the walls of our building the Arsenal, we returned our museum to the public on Saturday evening 1 October. Hundreds enjoyed the show and the closing fireworks.
Saturday’s Grand Opening concluded a week of opening festivities. Guest of honor was Queen Beatrix, who visited two exhibitions. She arrived in style on her ship De Groene Draeck (‘the Green Dragon’), “a sporting and generous gesture,” according to director-general Willem Bijleveld.
Deputy Mayor Eric van der Burg called it “a true tour de force” that Het Scheepvaartmuseum was the last big Amsterdam museum to close for renovations and the first to reopen. State Secretary for Culture Halbe Zijlstra said the Netherlands should be proud of a museum “that reflects the Dutch maritime history in every way possible”.
Opening Hours: 0900 a.m. to 1700 p.m.
Entrance fee: €15
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Our Holiday Inn Hotels in Benelux have built up an unrivalled reputation for quality and service, with first-class conference facilities throughout Belgium and the Netherlands. Our 4-star hotels offer a range of meeting rooms and business services, backed by spacious, elegant guest rooms and leisure facilities. Our Holiday Inn Express hotels offer all the business facilities of our larger hotels, but at a scaled-down price that’s perfect for small businesses.
Wherever you need to book high quality, affordable meeting rooms or accommodation, you are likely to find one or more suitable Holiday Inn Hotels. In Benelux cities like Brussels and Amsterdam, they are complemented by the companion Crowne Plaza brand, which offer a high-end level of service that includes a team of sales and meeting professionals to tailor your conference exactly to your needs. Our Holiday Inn hotels similarly offer personal support from a dedicated Meetings Host.
Belgium Holiday Inn Hotels
In Benelux, business, administration and commerce are focussed on Brussels, where we have no fewer than five Crowne Plaza and Holiday Inn hotels – two in the Corporate Village of Brussels International Airport. For old-fashioned luxury, our Crowne Plaza Brussels Le Palace hotel dates from 1908, with a ballroom which can accommodate over 820 delegates. Further conference facilities are available at Garden Court and the Expo Centre. Our Holiday Inn Express hotel at Mechelen is perfect for smaller meetings, and convenient for both Brussels and Antwerp airport.
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We have Crowne Plaza and Holiday Inn hotels in Benelux’s most picturesque cities, including Antwerp and Bruges – where you can book a banqueting suite in the crypt of a 14th century church! In the mediaeval university town of Gent, we have a well-equipped, expansive conference hotel at Gent Expo, while our smaller Express hotel can be “boosted” via the spacious meeting centre next door. Our Holiday Inn Liege hotel, with a beautiful river setting, has a similar arrangement, with seating for up to 1000 delegates in the neighbouring Congress Centre.
Hasselt, an attractive town renowned for its cultural attractions, marina, shopping and nightlife, has two hotels equally suited for business or leisure travellers, with conference facilities for up to 300 delegates.
Holiday Inn Hotels in Benelux’s Dutch resorts
In the Netherlands, perhaps our most popular venue is Holiday Inn IJmuiden Seaport Beach. Just along the coast from Amsterdam, this resort hotel offers conferencing facilities for up to 1,000 delegates. The Crowne Plaza Den Haag is another beautiful venue, surrounded by woodland and boasting an extensive permanent exhibition of artworks. Close to the World Forum Convention Centre, in reception format it is able to accommodate over 620 delegates.
If you are looking for Holiday Inn Hotels in Benelux’s historic city of Amsterdam, we have a superb venue adjacent to the RAI Convention Centre, with a capacity for up to 450 delegates. There are also two superbly equipped Crowne Plaza hotels. We also have Crowne Plaza and Holiday Inn Hotels in Benelux at Eindhoven, Moerdijk and the historic cities of Maastricht and Leiden. Whether you are in Benelux for pleasure or business we always offer the best possible quality and service, with personal assistants, business centres, Wi-Fi internet, spas, leisure clubs, gourmet restaurants and much more.
Emma writes articles on Meeting Rooms in Belgium including guides to Holiday Inn Hotels in Benelux.
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Renthouse International is an NVM-accredited rental housing agency dedicated to providing luxury homes and accommodation – apartments, houses and villas – for expats (expatriates) in Amsterdam, Amstelveen, Haarlem, Het Gooi, The Hague and throughout Holland/The Netherlands.
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Traveling around Europe can be a truly unique experience. In fact, I don’t think there are many people who would pass out on the opportunity to travel all over Europe and see all the beautiful countries and cities that they hear so much about. I’m sure that even those who have had such an experience would like to relive it. The only problem is that seeing all of Europe at once can be quite expensive. Transportation, meals, accommodation, fares, etc. – they all add up to an overall amount that most of us cannot come up with.
What do you do if you dream of going on a tour of the European capitals, but you realize you are a little short of cash? If you want to stay at a hotel in cities such as Amsterdam, London, Paris, Madrid, Rome, Berlin, etc., you will be taking quite a lot of money out of your pocket. Therefore, if you travel on a budget, pretty much like everybody else, your best option is represented by hostels.
The history of hostels goes back almost a century, when, as a result of a rather unfortunate situation, a German teacher realized that safe and affordable lodgings needed to be built in order to accommodate students traveling for various purposes. As a result, the first youth hostel was built in Germany in 1912. Many other countries quickly embraced the concept, and hostels began to be built in countries such as the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, etc. Nowadays, hostels can be found in every country, but the one with the richest tradition is the Netherlands. To be more precise, it was Amsterdam that played the most important part in the development of these inexpensive and comfortable accommodations. In 1932, the International Youth Hostel Foundation was created in Amsterdam, foundation that has about sixty-five members now.
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You can imagine that such a wealth of experience has lead to the continuous improvement of services provided in such hostels. As a result, most hostels Amsterdam are a lot more than just safe and affordable. They are very clean, comfortable and welcoming places where everyone feels at home. It’s safe to say that some hostels Amsterdam set the quality standards for youth accommodations. Therefore, when in Amsterdam, for whatever reason, don’t give any second thought to staying at a hotel, because hostels are an excellent choice.
Some of the hostels Amsterdam offer excellent conditions and facilities. If you are lucky enough to find a vacancy in one of the well-located hostels Amsterdam, you will need little else. In order to make your stay as pleasant as possible, you should try to find a hostel whose staff are friendly and welcoming, whose prices are moderate, and whose location is close to the city center or the main attraction points of the city. The good news is that there are such youth hostels in Amsterdam. Moreover, some hostels in Amsterdam also offer all sorts of facilities, such as free quality breakfast, free city map and walking tour, free luggage storage, free movies to watch, and so on.
In conclusion, when you get to Amsterdam, make hostels your number one choice. You won’t be sorry!
For more information about Hostels or even about hostels Amsterdam please follow this link http://www.hostelcosmos.com
For more information about Hostels or even about hostels Amsterdam please follow this link http://www.hostelcosmos.com
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In Amsterdam, there are more than fifty museums, from modern art and photography to film and theatre, with a few less traditional ones thrown in as well. Here is a list of 14 must-see museums in Amsterdam from the well-known to the obscure.
#1. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. The largest museum in the Netherlands, the Rijksmuseum sees more than one million visitors annually at its unparalleled collection of Dutch art. The Rijksmuseum and the Van Gogh Museum (#2) are situated in Amsterdam’s Museum Quarter, the most fashionable district in the city, rich in cultural institutions, restaurants and fashionable holiday accommodations.
#2. Van Gogh Museum. Dedicated to the Netherland’s most famous artist, the Van Gogh Museum houses 200 paintings and 550 sketches of the master, together with his letters to his contemporaries.
#3. Amsterdam Tulip Museum. This is a small museum dedicated to the national symbol of Netherlands: the tulip. This museum features multimedia presentations and a museum shop with rare tulip bulbs.
#4. The Anne Frank House. Across the canal from the tulip museum is the Anne Frank House. The historic World War II hiding place of Anne Frank and her family, the museum features original pages from her famous diary. Visitors can also walk through the haunting quarters in which Anne and her family hid.
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#5. Museum van Loon. Housed in a patrician canal house in the center of Amsterdam, the van Loon Museum is owned by the aristocratic Van Loon family and provides visitors a unique view into the life of the Dutch upper class.
#6. Museum Willet-Holthuysen. Another museum offering a glimpse into the wealthy class, the Museum Willet-Holthuysen is housed in a 17th century home and features an impressive personal collection of silverware, paintings and furniture.
#7. Amsterdam Historical Museum. The perfect museum for history buffs, the Amsterdam Historical Museum has permanent exhibitions about various periods in the history of the Netherlands.
#8. Hortus Botanicus. The Amsterdam Botanical Garden was first established in 1638 as an herb garden for Dutch doctors. Today it is a living museum with botany samples from around the world.
#9. NEMO. The ultimate hands-on museum, the NEMO Museum has hundreds of please touch exhibits for children and adults alike about science and technology.
#10. Ajax Museum. Dedicated to Amsterdam’s champion football club, the Ajax Museum includes photographic and video images from the last century of Ajax football.
#11. Nederlands Scheepvaart Museum. The Netherlands Scheepvaart, or Maritime, Museum has the world’s largest collection of boats. The museum features model boats and real-life ships, plus a number of maps and historical documents about Dutch naval history.
#12. Heineken Experience. Come learn about the history of brewing at one of the world’s best beer manufacturers.
#13. The Venustemple. This sex museum houses the foremost European collection of erotic paintings and objects throughout history.
#14. Erotic Museum. For more on sex, check out the Erotic Museum. Situated in the heart of the Red Light District, the Erotic Museum has five floors of erotic artwork together with a historical overview of the District.
Vaction Rentals Get Ready.Amsterdam holiday apartment
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Europe has many beautiful tourist destinations. However, it is absolutely undeniable that by far, Amsterdam is one of the best. The population of 735000 is proud of this ‘greatest of small cities in the world’. There is the world famous canal system to explore and the fantastic personification of tolerance and diversity that is synonymous with the romantic and beautiful city of Amsterdam. A trip along the canals is a must for every lover of architecture. The city is also known for soft drugs and prostitution. Amsterdam ably competes with cities like London, Paris and Milan. However, in comparison, the city has more to offer for less.
Amsterdam caters to every tourist’s needs. There is the presence of a unique culture, exquisite nightlife, amazing lodging options for every budget, great transport connectivity and the authentic bike experience. The beautiful weather all year round has made this jewel of The Netherlands a popular tourist destination for travelers from all over the world. Among the popular tourist attractions in the city are the museums, canals, coffee-shops and the water taxis.
Tourist attractions - The Rijksmuseum, Stedelijk and the Van Gogh Museums are very popular. Amsterdam has over fifty museums! The coffee shops in Holland or The Netherlands are an amusing sight because they not only sell small amounts of cannabis, but are also regulated! The coffee shops are not allowed to cater to anyone under-18 and beyond 5g. The city flaunts over three hundred options in accommodation that have been categorized as the best money can buy.
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Amsterdam travel routes – Amsterdam offers good provisions for dedicated cyclists, such as bike paths and racks. There are an estimated one million bicycles in the city. Public transport in Amsterdam is available in the form of bus and tram lines. There are also water taxis and a water bus. There are dedicated canal cruises that enable tourists to explore the Amsterdam’s waterways.
Visitors come to the beautiful city of Amsterdam for its reputation of being a liberal city. The city offers visitors a charm that is emphasised by elegant houses and the ever-enchanting canals. The popular Anne Frankd House is a ‘must-see’ in Amsterdam. The people are known to be very warm and welcoming and very accommodating.
Amsterdam lodging options – Amsterdam has a number of lodging options for tourists. There are luxurious hotels and budgeted ones too, to cater to the need of both, leisure and business travelers. There are popular youth hostels all over the city. These offer single accommodation at very cost effective prices. The lodging in Amsterdam includes meals and sight seeing options, depending on whether you are a walk-in customer or a guest with prior booking and arrangements.
Some of the lodging options worth considering in Amsterdam include:
The Park Plaza Victoria Hotel: Across the Amsterdam Central Sation, very near Dam Square, this fantastic lodging options offers double rooms from 66 pounds onwards. The hotel is known to offer discounts as much as 63%. The hotel keeps offering special rates to attract tourists and list among the favorite options offered by travel agents, the world over.
Hotel City Garden: Located in the heart of this beautiful city, the hotel offers double rooms from 39 pounds onwards. The amentities are among the best and it is conveniently located for business travellers. The warm and cozy hotel promises tourists a near-home experience.
NH Center Amsterdam: This stately lodging option is next to the Vondel Park, near Leidse Square and Museum Square. The tariff offers double rooms from 71 pounds onwards.
Amsterdam hotels and accommodation can be accessed via the dedicated websites of the hotels and travel agents. You can choose from luxurious accommodation in Amsterdam, to a cheap and cost effective budget hotel or even a Schiphol or airport hotel.
The best approach:
This “Venice of the North” attracts travelers from all over the world. Amsterdam has evolved into a meeting ground for various cultures and sub-cultures. The city has people from different backgrounds living together within a distinct urban environment. The lodging options at Amsterdam can be accessed online via dedicated online resources, however, a little prior research and comparison helps a lot. It pays to reserve and plan your holiday in this beautiful city.
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A short stay at an Amsterdam apartment would be an ideal way to spend your holidays in the city. The best part about the apartments in Amsterdam is they offer its guests the best possible services with a competitive rate. If you are looking for a convenient and comfortable stay in this beautiful city of Netherlands then nothing could be better than the holiday apartments of Amsterdam.
Your stay at holiday apartment Amsterdam will make you experience the actual flavor of the city. The rental homes are considered to be the special units carefully selected and then supervised by the local management. Needless to say, that these are the best alternatives than any other hotels in the city. These accommodation options are extensive and are ideal places to suit your taste as well as budget. Discerning travelers mostly prefer experiencing comfortable stay at an inexpensive rate. For them these rental quarters are considered to be the ideal ones.
Visitors from different places visit this beautiful city of Netherlands for various purposes. They look for accommodations that suits their budget as well as tastes. However, if you are looking for lodgings at cheap rates then apartments would always be an ideal option. As discussed before this type of rental homes are mainly designed for short term stays. Build years ago in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, this sort of accommodations brings a majestic feel and ancient splendor to every single guest. Whenever you visit them, you will find them meticulously designed with spic and span properties and well-equipped with facilities like contemporary kitchen, smoke detectors, fridge wardrobes, free wireless internet, television, and security intercom and so on.
Needless to say you get a complete royal treatment in the Amsterdam apartment at a very cheap rate. They are generally quite cost-effective compared to the other accommodation facilities of the city. While staying at any of the apartments of the town, the property owner would help you with all the essential points like the major places of interests, restaurants, bike rentals and other various information of Amsterdam. All these information will altogether make your stay a memorable one in this city. There are several areas in the town where you can find such apartments. The places include Canal area, Oud West, heart of Jordan, on the Amstel River, Dam Square, old city center, Leidseplein, near flower market, and so on.
The features of Amsterdam apartment include a short-stay accommodation options for tourists mainly. This type of accommodations can fit minimum of four people or so. They come in separate bedrooms modern living rooms, private toiletries and so on. The wooden beams present in some of the rental houses gives a real great mood to live in. The best part about these places is the well-equipped kitchen facilities where you can find every single thing you require to make delicious dishes. When you are in need of the cooking ingredients, you can just move to the supermarkets that are mostly located close by.
There are several other things to learn about Amsterdam Apartment.To get more information about holiday apartment Amsterdam browse through www.amsterdamapartment.com
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All About Holiday Lettings
When you are planning for a holiday, the first thing that comes to the mind is the accommodation. You can enjoy while you are on holidays only when you have a comfortable accommodation to stay. You need to make sure that you choose the best holiday home from all the holiday lettings available in the city. When you are on a holiday, you would like to stay with comfort, luxury and style. While renting accommodation for your holidays, you are definitely going to look for a serviced apartment where you can enjoy a level of privacy and comfort that simply is not possible in a conventional hotel. When you are searching for a holiday accommodation, you can get attracted by looking at the enchanting pictures of the cottages or villas on rent. Just looking at the photographs and renting holiday lettings will not be a wise decision. Before renting a holiday home, you need to ensure that unique blend of ancient traditions and modern attitudes have been included in the holiday home you choose for your vacations. When you are planning a vacation with your family, it would be convenient if you have a holiday home with fully equipped kitchen. So, that you can cook a dinner of your choice and treat your partner with a romantic dinner. Besides fully equipped kitchen, the holiday home should include comfortable sitting room, modern bedroom, latest bathroom, large balcony, allotted car parking, regular maintenance and full security. The interiors should be appealing with quality furnishings and linens so that you get the comfort of your own home.
Serviced Apartments on Rent
The trend of serviced apartment for holiday accommodation has spread worldwide now. People nowadays prefer to stay in a serviced apartment while on vacation as it is a better substitute to a hotel room. Basically a serviced apartment is a fully furnished apartment having various amenities like fully equipped kitchen with microwave, refrigerator and kitchen appliances etc. A serviced apartment has all the facilities available in a typical hotel with additional space and homely environment. The serviced apartmentshave become popular because it is cost effective when compared to a standard hotel room. This kind of holiday letting is a perfect choice when you are searching for an accommodation for your relaxing holiday. World Fashion Apartments, a subsidiary of Skyreach Relocations provide serviced apartments on rent which includes a separate living room and kitchen with one or more bedrooms and separate bathrooms. These holiday lettings are available in Amsterdam and other leading cities in Netherlands such as Utrecht, Eindhoven, Apeldoorn and Rotterdam. World Fashion Apartments are now available in other European regions also such as Brussels and Hungary. Renting WFA serviced apartments for a short term vacation or a long term vacation has been proved very cost effective for our guests worldwide as they include various amenities like living room and bedroom with stereo, double bed, night table/lamp, double sofa bed, sleeping couches, balcony, fireplace, central heating, cable TV, vacuum cleaner; bathroom with shower, towels, WC, washbasin, soap/shampoo/conditioner; fully equipped kitchens with cookware and utensils, cupboards, drawers, microwave, plates, pans, fridge, coffee maker, tables, chairs; car parking, landscaped gardens, children’s park etc. So, if you are looking for well equipped holiday lettings in Amsterdam or apartment for rent in Amsterdam and in other major cities of Netherlands, World Fashion Apartments can be a perfect option for you. These serviced apartments in Amsterdam provide self catering kitchen, so that you can cook whenever you like and stay the way you like.
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Online Booking for Holiday Lettings
While planning a holiday, it is also necessary to book the accommodation of your choice in advance because after reaching your holiday destination you may not find the holiday lettings of your choiceavailable for you. With World Fashion Apartments, you can book a serviced apartment online of your choice and plan your vacation with peace of mind. So, when you reach your holiday destination you don’t have to run here and there to find a quality serviced apartment where you can spend your holidays comfortably. After all nobody likes to face hassles and troubles during vacations. To enjoy and make the most of your holiday, selecting the right holiday home and making an online booking for holiday lettings is essential. First, you need to decide which serviced apartment meets all your needs and then make an online booking for serviced apartment suiting to your requirements. A well equipped holiday letting with necessary amenities will make you feel at home and give you a soothing feeling. Last but not least you and your family will definitelyenjoy your dream vacation with extraordinary holiday lettings provided by World Fashion Apartments
World Fashion Apartment offers furnished serviced apartments in Amsterdam, holiday homes Amsterdam, holiday lettings Amsterdam, apartment for rent Amsterdam, Utrecht serviced apartments, cheap residential serviced apartments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam, low cost serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Luxurious serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary. SEO services provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO, Opal Infotech, India.
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More @ www.myhotelvideo.com Location: This charming hotel is situated in the heart of the museum district just a few paces from the famous PC Hooftstraat shopping mile. Links to Amsterdam’s nightlife are located in Leidseplein, just a 5-minute walk from the hotel. Facilities: This very basic city hotel comprises 15 rooms over 4 floors of which 10 are double rooms and 5 are rooms with 3 to 4 beds. This hotel is a good choice for those who prefer to be in an excellently located hotel even if the accommodation is very basic. Amongst the hotel’s facilities count a foyer with a 24-hour reception desk, a safe for guests’ valuables, a bar and a TV room. Rooms: The simple rooms come with an en suite bathroom, carpet, central heating and a separate lounge area.
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Becoming situated in netherland Hague is really a well-known tourist destination with the entire world which supplies a wide array of accommodation for tourist as nicely as for expats .it is really a renowned shopping and getaway spot for that tourist and travelers.
Competition inside the true estate market of Hague have been proving a boon for houses seekers for both who would like them for lease or to purchase them. Hague apartments are the very best option for that travelers as they discovered the best suitable homes on lease as per their specifications and price range.
The contractors collect the Hague residences and he Hague actual estate for hire from all of the agents within the Hague and load them into their advanced mapping system to permit you to rapidly discover your subsequent property. From getaway The Hague apartments for rent to long term The Hague residences rentals. They list hundreds of new The Hague flats day-to-day, allowing you the perfect vary of the Hague flats on the web and mobile. They guarantee that owners are bona fide and that a single really should constantly obtain a balanced rental contract. Your rental advisor will aid with negotiating an agreement, drawing up contracts and connecting utilities.
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You need to produce particular paperwork in the method of moving to diverse countries from the planet, similarly you need to provide mandatory paperwork in case you’re willing to rent an lodging anyplace in netherland. The method may well vary from country to country.
The Hague and Amsterdam are considered as a lifeline of expat in netherland even though spacious accommodation is offered at Statenkwartier that are comparatively new. One can very easily finds cafés, restaurants, pubs and discos etc which makes it most preferable location to reside. Benoordenhout and Mariahoeve locations are also a hub of Hague flats and expat housing which comprises of natural beauty. 1 in the finest things about Hague expat housing and apartments is that the masses from each class, whether he is from a wealthy household or a middle class individual, can afford his dream home in the two the instances if he would like to buy or hire it. Living alternatives are also readily available at Archipel at Hague which has a amount of parks and museums. It is locate from the Centrum region and has a quantity of old twisted classically renovated Hague housings.
Some typical benefits that a person can get pleasure from having a house at Hague by the organization experts are:
-No hidden additional expense
-simple application procedure
-dedicated account manager
- Service desk to help with questions and problems.
If you’re planning to check out Hague for a professional or private check out you need not to be concerned about accommodation but suitable and suitable information is obligatory.
Read About Hague Apartments, Also Read About Hague Expat Houses And Hague Rental Agent.
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Europe, a historical, cultural and geographical mammoth that squares up confidently to any other continent on earth. From its Northern Lights to its Southern shores, this drama queen keeps on thrilling, surprising and confusing with her extraordinary wealth of sights, sounds, peoples and parties Europe offers you a new and a fresh experience. Europe having a proud cultural heritage, leads the others in fashion, art, music, architecture and design. Europe is a delight to tourists. The snow-covered Alps, the coastlines, the ancient cities like Rome, the Vatican, the Scottish highlands, the graceful canals of Venice, etc Europe has it all. Belgium is a low-lying country on the North Sea coast in the Benelux, northwest Europe. Sitting at the crossroads of Western Europe Belgium shares borders with France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Known for its medieval architecture and atmosphere cities like Brussels, Ieper, Antwerp attract thousands of tourists. Belgium got its independent status in 1830 after being freed from the Netherlands. It remained occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The city of Ieper and the nearby areas have many war graves near the battle zones. Belgium has central rolling hills, wooded hills, valleys of Ardennes Forest in southeast, flat coastal plains in northwest. Belgium comprises of three regions listed from north to south: Flanders, Brussels, Wallonia. Ieper or Ypres is a town in the Belgian Flanders endowed with wonderful architecture. Ieper is best known as the site of three major battles of the First World War.
The many memorials and cemeteries of the fallen in and around Ieper draw thousands of visitors each year. Ieper is the official Flemish name for the city while Ypres is its French name. Ieper has a wonderful countryside with many routes for cycling and walking. Ieper is generally very safe to live or roam. Some of the place which are a must visit are: 1. Menin Gate- The Menin Gate is a Dedication to the commemoration of British and Commonwealth soldiers who were killed in the Ypres Salient of World War I and whose graves are unknown. 2. Flanders FieldMuseum: Located in Grote Market or the Main Square, it is the most famous and a must see monument in Ieper relating to the First World War. It is said to be one of the world’s biggest war museums, located in the rebuilt colossal building Lakenhalle (cloth hall), topped by a 70m high belfry. 3. Cemeteries in Ieper: Ieper has over 75 Commonwealth military cemeteries for the First World War soldiers. The Ramparts Cemetery which was founded in 1915, rests 153 Britons, 11 Australians and 9 Canadians. Even a memorial has been dedicated to the Indian Army which was erected recently in 2002 to remember the brave soldiers from India at the Ramparts. In Belgium people like to eat and hence is famous for its good cuisines. Some dishes considered as Belgian specialities include Mussels, Stoofvlees, Witloof met kaassaus, Konijn met bier and Waffles. Restaurants, pubs are very commonly found in Belgium as people like visiting them regularly. A bed and breakfast (or B&B) is a small lodging establishment which offer overnight accommodation and breakfast, but may not usually offer other meals. Generally, bed and breakfasts are private homes with around less than 10 bedrooms available for commercial use. Several establishments can be found easily in the Ieper marketplace that offer bed and breakfast services. Many old farms have been transformed to bed and breakfast establishments for the tourists. These bed and breakfast establishments also provide services like bicycles and vespa rentals.
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Europe, a historical, cultural and geographical mammoth that squares up confidently to any other continent on earth. From its Northern Lights to its Southern shores, this drama queen keeps on thrilling, surprising and confusing with her extraordinary wealth of sights, sounds, peoples and parties Europe offers you a new and a fresh experience. Europe having a proud cultural heritage, leads the others in fashion, art, music, architecture and design. Europe is a delight to tourists. The snow-covered Alps, the coastlines, the ancient cities like Rome, the Vatican, the Scottish highlands, the graceful canals of Venice, etc Europe has it all.
Belgium is a low-lying country on the North Sea coast in the Benelux, northwest Europe. Sitting at the crossroads of Western Europe Belgium shares borders with France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Known for its medieval architecture and atmosphere cities like Brussels,
Ieper, Antwerp attract thousands of tourists. Belgium got its independent status in 1830 after being freed from the Netherlands. It remained occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The city of Ieper and the nearby areas have many war graves near the battle zones.
Belgium has central rolling hills, wooded hills, valleys of Ardennes Forest in southeast, flat coastal plains in northwest. Belgium comprises of three regions listed from north to south: Flanders, Brussels, Wallonia. Ieper or Ypres is a town in the Belgian Flanders endowed with wonderful architecture. Ieper is best known as the site of three major battles of the First World War. The many memorials and cemeteries of the fallen in and around Ieper draw thousands of visitors each year. Ieper is the official Flemish name for the city while Ypres is its French name. Ieper has a wonderful countryside with many routes for cycling and walking. Ieper is generally very safe to live or roam.
Some of the place which are a must visit are:
1. Menin Gate- The Menin Gate is a Dedication to the commemoration of British and Commonwealth soldiers who were killed in the Ypres Salient of World War I and whose graves are unknown.
2. Flanders FieldMuseum: Located in Grote Market or the Main Square, it is the most famous and a must see monument in Ieper relating to the First World War. It is said to be one of the world’s biggest war museums, located in the rebuilt colossal building Lakenhalle (cloth hall), topped by a 70m high belfry.
3. Cemeteries in Ieper: Ieper has over 75 Commonwealth military cemeteries for the First World War soldiers. The Ramparts Cemetery which was founded in 1915, rests 153 Britons, 11 Australians and 9 Canadians. Even a memorial has been dedicated to the Indian Army which was erected recently in 2002 to remember the brave soldiers from India at the Ramparts.
In Belgium people like to eat and hence is famous for its good cuisines. Some dishes considered as Belgian specialities include Mussels, Stoofvlees, Witloof met kaassaus, Konijn met bier and Waffles. Restaurants, pubs are very commonly found in Belgium as people like visiting them regularly.
A bed and breakfast (or B&B) is a small lodging establishment which offer overnight accommodation and breakfast, but may not usually offer other meals. Generally, bed and breakfasts are private homes with around less than 10 bedrooms available for commercial use.
Several establishments can be found easily in the Ieper marketplace that offer bed and breakfast services. Many old farms have been transformed to bed and breakfast establishments for the tourists.
These bed and breakfast establishments also provide services like bicycles and vespa rentals.
Ieper tourist guide www.ambrosiahotel.be.Hotel Ieper click here.
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Serviced Apartments in Netherlands
Netherlands comprises the historic cities like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Utrecht having the shadow of glorious European history. One can feel real European culture on passing through the city streets of the cities. Traditional European culture is still preserved here which you can see and feel during the visit. Amsterdam is the city of Museums like Rijksmuseum, Van Gogh Museum, Stedelijk Museum and many more, world famous art collections and diamond polishing center attracting thousands of visitors and tourists. Rotterdam is Holland’s second biggest city after Amsterdam with great architecture, Arts & culture, festivals, shopping with pleasant nightlife and energy has an extremely positive effect on tourism and business thrive cultural diversity. Utrecht is most centrally located city of Netherlands popular for Canals, Museums, Architecture, and History. The natural beauties, historical places, tradition and cultural activities is attracting travelers and business people from Europe and other world countries every year, have developed tourism and business in all major cities of Netherlands. Cities have many hotels and rental Apartments to fulfill all the requirements of outsiders. Hotels are well serviced but costly than Serviced Apartments as usual. One can get short term or long term apartment for rent in Amsterdam and other cities of Holland.
Holiday Homes in Amsterdam, Serviced Apartments in Utrecht
Tourists with family have best option for accommodation in holiday homes in Amsterdam and other cities, which are elegantly furnished, fully equipped and professionally managed with all home amenities to enjoy the vacation time with kids and group. feel the local culture, enjoy the site seeing, prepare your tasty food your own, play with kids indoor-outdoor, no limitation of time and this all great fun at affordable rate with the facilities of Utrecht serviced apartments and in other cities of Netherlands. Service Apartments providers are taking special care of security, privacy, medications, leisure’s and entertainments of their visitors and make them facilitates all required amenities at very reasonable rate. These rental apartments are neat and clean providing various valued services to the customers like housekeeping, telephone, TV, internet, fax, courier etc. It’s very easy to select your luxury apartment at fraction of time on internet according to your budget and can book online anytime. 24×7 reception counter, taxi, porter services on arrival/departure also have been provided in the package of rental apartments. Majority serviced apartments are located in the city area to be in touch with city life for visitors.
World Fashion Apartments
World Fashion Apartments are among the best Serviced Apartments providers in Netherlands, which provides luxurious furnished apartments services for one bedroom, two bedroom, three or four bedroom serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Amsterdam and other cities of Netherlands more known as “WFA-Apartments” and now this have been extended to other European regions like serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary, Brussels and Bangalore in India. These Serviced Apartments are segmented in different categories based on the amenities, services and facilities extended by the provider. Corporate housing is an executive serviced apartment for the corporate executives providing luxurious residential apartment facilities along with conference room, business meeting room, business party hall etc. Interim housing providing short term serviced apartment’s services for visitors and travelers. Holiday lettings are for the tourists to spend their holidays at leisure to enjoy and make their vacation memorable. The Service Apartments provider facilitates all the services required to their customers to make their stay pleasant.
So, if you are planning to visit Netherlands, this vacation or moving on business trip or temporary migration, never forget to get stay in WFA-Apartments at very much affordable rate with the services which can make your visit pleasant and memorable forever.
World Fashion Apartment offers furnished serviced apartments in Amsterdam, holiday homes Amsterdam, holiday lettings Amsterdam, apartment for rent in Amsterdam, Utrecht serviced apartments, cheap residential serviced apartments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam, low cost serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Luxurious serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary. SEO services provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO, Opal Infotech, India.
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Utrecht Serviced Apartments – Best Serviced Apartments in Utrecht
Utrecht, the fourth largest city of the Netherlands is also the religious centre since eighth century and called as Holland’s cultural treasure trove. The unique Utrecht Museum Quarter proves it by no. of museums like The Rietveld schroder House, Museum de Heksenwaag, Centraal Museum explain the world of science from the past to present. The Dom Tower is the highest and oldest church tower in Holland and famous as Utrecht’s landmark. Utrecht’s canals network give a feeling of Dutch culture to the inner city and in summer, people enjoy the sunshine at the terraces of the bars lined up the canals. One can get historical information of rail travel in the Netherlands from Spoorwegen. Utrecht’s university is the largest in the country. Shopping verities in Utrecht shopping malls and market areas like the Hoog Catharijne and Tweede-handsgoederenmarkt are interesting features of this city. The glorious European culture and history attract many tourists, travelers and students to the city having good accommodation facilities like hotels, serviced apartments, luxurious rental apartments, holiday homes and holiday lettings. Utrecht serviced apartments are popular among the visitors to stay short term or long term. These luxury apartments are fully furnished one to four bedrooms and well equipped with all appliances in kitchen give flexibility, freedom, privacy and security for stay at very cheaper rate than hotels. you can manage your routines as you do in your home at your time and convenience, cook your food of your taste, play indoor-outdoor games with kids, go for site seeing and enjoy at your time even at low cost. These Serviced Apartments in Utrecht are providing all facilities like online bookings, 24×7 receptions, hire porter or taxi and all other facility provided by costly hotels. World Fashion Apartments are one of the best Serviced Apartments providers in Utrecht providing luxurious furnished serviced Apartments at best locations of Utrecht known as WFA-Apartments signify a pleasurable and affordable stay to its customers. WFA apartments are known for their intelligent designs, spacious layouts and extraordinary services. WFA serviced apartments combine fashion, standards and world class services to satisfy the valued customers than a 5 star hotel stay.
Eindhoven Serviced Apartments – Best Serviced Apartments in Eindhoven
Eindhoven is the fifth city of the Netherlands located in the province of North Brabant in the south of the Netherlands. However the economy of the Eindhoven region is the second largest in the country. The city is considered as high tech hotspots in Europe and good investments place for business, education, work and relaxation. Eindhoven has a world-class Technical University and Research center. Exquisite facilities for art and culture are prime attractions like renowned Van Abbe museum for modern arts and Muziekcentrum Frits Philips with its superb acoustics. With its leading Design Academy, the Philips Design Center and numerous small or midsize enterprises have made it Center of innovation and design. Eindhoven people are fond of sports. Eindhoven is a green city in modern look with outstretched parks and far more trees than the large cities of Netherlands. Eindhoven also known as ‘City of Light’ by special lighting effects for all kinds of outdoor and public projects. Eindhoven comprises many leisure and recreation sports, Museums, Zoos, Cinemas, Shopping Malls and sights worth seeing for kids and elders. Many tourists are visiting this place frequently. Good Accommodation facilities like serviced apartments, holiday homes, hotels have developed the tourism industry more. Serviced Apartments in Eindhoven give all kind of living facilities with furnished well equipped kitchen with utensils feel home treatment away from home. New residential look and cultural designing of these Eindhoven serviced apartments attract you more to stay in such apartments than a stereotype hotels. Serviced apartments make your Business trips, vacation trips or study tour more successful by providing the best customer services. World Fashion Apartments, a renowned serviced apartments provider in Eindhoven providing luxurious furnished apartments with best customer services at very cheaper rate than 5 star hotels.
Thus if you are planning to visit Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht or Eindhoven cities of the Netherlands in near future, don’t forget to get not only stay but comfort and pleasure with World Fashion Apartments.
World Fashion Apartment offers furnished serviced apartments in Amsterdam, holiday homes Amsterdam, holiday lettings Amsterdam, apartment for rent in Amsterdam, Utrecht serviced apartments, cheap residential serviced apartments in Eindhoven and Rotterdam, low cost serviced apartments in Amstelveen, Luxurious serviced apartments in Budapest, Hungary. SEO services provided by Jigney Bhachech, CEO, Opal Infotech, India.
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Holland also known as the Netherlands is country located in Western Europe by the North Sea. Official language is Dutch language. More than 95% of population speaks English. The country’s formal name is Nederland, meaning ‘low country’. This refers to the fact that much of the land is at or below sea level.
The Netherlands or Holland?
The Netherlands is often incorrectly called Holland. In fact, only the central part of the Netherlands is geographically named Holland.
This part of the country consists now of two provinces Noord Holland (North Holland) and Zuid-Holland (South Holland). Holland is the region with important cities as Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague (Den Haag), Delft, Leiden and Haarlem.
Population and languages of the Netherlands
The Netherlands being the most densely populated country with more than 16,5 million inhabitants. Netherlands is populated in 81% by Dutch nation. Many Dutch people speak also German, which is in many aspects similar to Dutch language and some of them speak French.
Why study in Holland?
76,000 international students are studying at Holland universities.
Holland is the first non-English speaking country which offers study programs conducted in English language. This year the Dutch universities propose 1,450 programs.
6 Reasons to come for study in Holland
• internationally recognized degree’s;
• multicultural study environment;
• practical studies with a business approach;
• more than 1300 English taught Bachelor and Master programmes;
• enrollment twice a year: September & February;
• even for non-Europeans study expenses are relative low: on average 13,000 – 18,000 euro a year
Admission requirements
The main requirement for admission to a bachelor’s programme is a secondary-school diploma at the appropriate level. Foreign students must have a diploma judged equivalent to the minimum diploma required. There are also study programmes – in the arts for example – for which institutions set their own additional requirements.
For admission to a master’s degree programme, applicants must have at least a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent.
In certain popular fields, the number of places is limited and quotas are set.
Language requirements
It is essential for foreign students to be able to speak, read and write English well. Students must have passed an English language test. IELTS and TOEFL are commonly accepted, but institutions may accept other tests as well.
The required scores are at least 550 (paper based) or 213 (computer based) for TOEFL. For IELTS a score of at least 6 is required.
Tuition fees
Education in Holland is not free, but tuition fees are reasonable compared with other countries.
The Dutch government aims to make Dutch higher education as accessible as possible to students and mid-career professionals from other countries.
Bachelor and Master programmes tuition fees for non EU- students usually are higher than for EU -members. Mostly a study year can cost between 14,000 euro – 22,000 euro (inclusive all living expenses.) In general, tuition fees are higher for non-EU students.
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Visas and permits
To enter the Netherlands for study purposes, nationals from most countries need a visa. Once in the Netherlands, a residence permit is often required. In some cases a work permit is also required.
An entry visa is a sticker placed in your passport at the Dutch embassy or consulate in your own country (or the country in which you legally reside), but it must be applied for well in advance.
For a stay of up to three months, you might need a ‘short stay visa’ depending on your nationality. If you will be staying for longer than three months, you might need a ‘provisional residence permit’ This requirement does not apply to citizens of the EU/EEA and Switzerland, the USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, Vatican City, Monaco or South Korea.
Documents required when applying for Student Visa
In any case you will need to present:
• A valid passport.
• A letter or other document from the Dutch host institution stating that you are or will be enrolled as a student, or that you are going to do an internship, or a traineeship.
• Proof that you can support yourself financially.
• A copy of the application for a work permits, if applicable.
Working while studying
If you’re a foreign student (non–EU/EEA/Swiss) and you have a valid residence permit with the aim to study, you can work alongside your studies (either full-time seasonal work in June, July and August, or part-time work of no more than ten hours a week). In this case your Dutch employer does need a work permit for you, but this is an easy process as the employer doesn’t need to show that there are Dutch or EU nationals capable of doing the job.
Registering with the university
You need to register at your host institution (university or university of applied sciences) when you arrive, not only for getting your class schedules, but also to comply with immigration procedures.
The host institution will want to see proof that you have reported to the Aliens Police/the municipality and, if applicable, will apply on your behalf for a residence permit which form you need to sign.
Health insurance
When preparing your stay in Holland, make sure you will be properly insured during your stay. There are certain rules concerning your healthcare insurance which you have to comply with. It is also highly advisable to take out a liability insurance. You must be insured against the cost of medical treatment. This is a requirement under Dutch law.
Accommodation
Holland does not have a tradition of on-campus accommodation. Most students live in or near their university town.
Finding good, affordable accommodation can be a problem in the Netherlands. Almost all university towns suffer from shortages. Many Dutch students have trouble finding suitable accommodation near their university.
If you are taking part in an exchange programme or are enrolled on an international course, it is quite possible that a room will be arranged for you. You should consider accepting it immediately, or you might regret it later. Please check in advance what the situation is at your university.
Rent and bills
Accommodation can also be expensive, especially in the bigger cities. Find out in advance what a room is going to cost you. Don’t forget to include additional expenses such as the deposit and utility bills (gas, water and electricity). The latter are not always included in the rent. Most rental contracts run for at least six months or a year when you are enrolled on a course programme. Think about these things beforehand to avoid unpleasant surprises later.
Daily expenses
Your daily expenses include food, public transport, books, clothes, and cinema tickets. But you also need to take into account the costs for housing and insurance. Experience has shown that students living and studying in Holland for one year spend between €700 and €1,000 a month.
1. Housing – €250 to €600 a month.
2. Food- € 250 to € 450 a month.
3. Transport- € 100 to € 200 a month.
4. Other Expenses- € 100 to € 200 a month.
Scholarships
The Dutch Ministry of Education offers scholarships to nationals from a wide range of countries under the terms of various cultural agreements and other agreements of co-operation.
1. Berlage Institute Scholarship Scholarship for excellent 1st. year Berlage Institute participants who want to be in the 2nd. year postgraduate program at the Berlage Institute.
2. CentER scholarships CentER fulltime M.Phil./Ph.D. Program
3. CHN-SGS Scholarship Scholarship for SGS Masters programmes at CHN University Netherlands
4. Erasmus Mundus programme Cooperation and mobility programme in the field of higher education.
5. Eric Bleumink Fund Ph.D. researchers Ph.D. researchers who conduct Ph.D. research within the scope of a cooperation between the University of Groningen and an institution in a developing country.
6.Eric Bleumink Fund students for a Master’s or equivalent programme at the University of Groningen or an university in the developing country or one of its neighbouring countries (provided that part of the study programme takes place at the RUG).
7. Faculty Of Applied Sciences Scholarship, TU Delft Scholarships for outstanding international students who have been admitted into one of the MSc programmes within the TU Delft’s Faculty of Applied Sciences: Applied Physics, Chemical Engineering, Life Science & Technology, Science Education and Communication, and Sustainable Energy Technology.
8.Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program As a fellow, you may enrol on master’s programmes or doctoral programmes and pursue any academic discipline or field of study that is consistent with the interests and goals of the International Fellowships Fund. The Fund currently works in twelve fields to strengthen democratic values, alleviate poverty and injustice, promote international cooperation, and advance human achievement. To ensure that fellows are drawn from diverse backgrounds, IFP actively seeks candidates from social groups and communities that lack systematic access to higher education.
9. HSP Huygens Programme Scholarships for excellent students
10. Amsterdam Merit Scholarships Scholarships for outstanding students from non-EEA countries pursuing a Master’s degree at the UvA
I want to help people take informed career decisions. I am a CAT trainer and have worked with leading companies in past both as a teacher and chief mentor. I also consulted www.studyplaces.com for their Test Prep section creating major portion of their content.
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Amsterdam Canal Cruise
If you have a limited amount of time available while you are in Amsterdam, then the No. 1 “must do” has to be an Amsterdam canal cruise. You will see lots of sights from what is arguably the defining feature of Amsterdam. You can take an open topped boat or even pedal your own way round on a “canal bike” and see a myriad of Amsterdam’s sights in a short time. If you want to travel alone, you can rent a guided canal boat. You will enjoy browsing the tree-lined neighbourhoods, the array of houseboats, early 17th century mansions and fabulous bridges. The architecture of Amsterdam is absolutely stunning and ranges from medieval to modern. Particularly recommended are sunset and night cruises. If you want to simply get around town on the water, then you can hop on and off the canal bus – a most convenient way to get around the Venice of the North.
The Rijksmuseum
The fabulous Rjksmuseum showcases the finest collection of early Dutch works of art, featuring paintings by Dutch masters Vermeer, Frans, Hals and Rembrandt, as well as an amazing collection of Delftware and silver. While you are there, don’t miss Vermeer’s famous Milkmaid.
The Van Gogh Museum
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The Van Gogh Museum is essential viewing for visitors to Amsterdam. It houses the largest collection of Van Gogh paintings in the world from his Potato Eaters right up to the last few months of his life spent in France and reflects his changing moods throughout his life. The art is well displayed to enable you to get up close to these fascinating works of one of the worlds best loved but troubled artists.
Oude Kerk
This huge old protestant church with little houses clinging to its sides remains a calm haven in the heart of the renowned Red Light District. Its buildings, particularly the Gothic-renaissance style octagonal bell tower, were used by sailors in years gone by for navigation.
The Magere Brug
The Magere Brug, otherwise known as “Skinny Bridge” is the most well-known of Amsterdam’s 1280 bridges. Originally built in 1670 it was later replaced with a wider bridge to cope with the traffic. It is a traditional Dutch drawbridge connecting the banks of the river Amstel. Approximately every twenty minutes, the bridge master opens up the bridge to let boats pass through.
Anne Frank’s House
You can visit the house where the young Anne Frank wrote her famous diary which tells of a young Jewish girl hiding with her family during the Nazi occupation of Amsterdam during World War II. Part of the tour includes a visit inside the secret annex where Anne and her family hid away. Seeing this house is an extremely moving experience and a time for reflection. The original diary is on display. It is recommended that you visit early in the day to avoid the crowds.
The Butterfly Pavilion
You can pay a visit to the largest butterfly pavilion in the Netherlands where butterflies flutter through the air and settle on colourful flowers whilst visitors can wander around and enjoy their beauty. Depending on the season, the pavilion houses between 20 and 30 carefully chosen species of butterfly including the spectacular Blue Morpho and the Hawk Moth.
Albert Cuyp Market
The Albert Cuyp Market is a “must do” visit for tourists who enjoy jostling their way around bustling, colourful markets. This open air market is 100 years old and has nearly 300 stalls offering fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, chocolate, cheese, plants, clothes, jewellery, shoes, bedding, fabric and cosmetics. It is very cheap and is a good place to buy reasonably priced flowers.
Jane Hannington is Marketing Manager for Go City who specialise in hotels and apartments in major European cities. For details of accommodation available in Amsterdam visit the Go City website.
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Arianne is an exchange student from the Netherlands, who is studying media and communication at Macquarie University. She visits the campus, shows you around her Macquarie Parklands apartment, and shares some experiences from her first 3 weeks in Sydney. For more information about Study Abroad at Macquarie University, visit Macquarie International at www.international.mq.edu.au
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The rightful capital of the Netherlands, Amsterdam is one of Europe’s smallest, and flattest, capital cities. Known throughout the world for its liberal approach to entertainment, tulip markets and art district, this historic and increasingly popular city represents the ideal weekend getaway for many people. With flights to Amsterdam still very cheap compared to other major European cities, here are some of the must-see attractions of this friendly and vibrant place.
It’s not just Venice that’s famous for its canals, Amsterdam is too. Slowly flowing through the city and offering some of the very best sights the city has to offer, from luxurious houseboats to floating flower markets, taking a canal cruise is the best way to see the city and spend a little time away from the busy and narrow streets. Charming and relaxing, you can even rent a canal boat to stay in on your trip.
No trip to Amsterdam would be complete without a visit to at least one of its many famous museums and galleries. The ‘big three’ are the major draw to the art district, the Rijksmuseum, the Van Gogh Museum and the Anne Frank House, but there are more than 40 other museums and galleries to visit too, from World War reconstructions to the famous Sex Museum. If you are in the area though, a quick stop in the two largest art galleries is well worth it, as the opportunity to see works by Dutch masters and Van Gogh himself are few and far between.
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Amsterdam prides itself on its fun-loving and truly unique character, so it should be no surprise that just taking to the well-laid out streets and people watching is a superb way to experience the city up close. Over 1,000 bridges spanning the 165 waterways, famous Dutch architecture and leaning houses are scattered throughout the city centre and there is an almost never-ending supply of cafes, bakeries and street vendors, so grabbing a map is often the best thing to do. However, if your feet get tired, hop on one of the famous Dutch trams for a lift to your next stop.
Meet the locals and soak up a little bit of the city’s plentiful green space with a trip and a picnic to Vondel Park. The park is Amsterdam’s largest and most popular and is a hub of activity in the spring and summer months when it becomes the place to meet friends, exercise, play sports and relax on the grass. Of course, cycling is as Dutch as tulips, so don’t forget to hire a bike at some point in your stay, as this is often the quickest way of getting around Amsterdam.
In the evenings the city centre fills up with tourists and locals alike, all out to enjoy Amsterdam’s famous hospitality. With whole streets devoted to steakhouses and many more traditional Dutch restaurants in and around the historic quarters of the city, there are plenty of places to eat, but perhaps the biggest draw to Amsterdam’s nightlife is its infamous Red Light District. Probably not anywhere as shocking as its notorious reputation would have many believe, this small district of winding alleys, sex shops, illuminated glass doors, adult cinemas and paraphernalia stores is surprisingly friendly and is largely just another side of the city to experience if you book flights to Amsterdam.
Isla Campbell writes for a digital marketing agency. This article has been commissioned by a client of said agency. This article is not designed to promote, but should be considered professional content.
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